Principles Of Communicative Language Teaching - 2063 Words

Principles of Communicative Language Teaching The ever-growing need for good communication skills in English has created a huge demand for English teaching all over the world. Nowadays, many people want to improve their command of English or to ensure that their children achieve a good command of English. The worldwide ultimatum for English has created a gigantic demand for quality language teaching, language teaching materials and resources, and appropriate teaching methodologies. Accordingly, the field of second or world language teaching has undergone many trends and shifts, over the last few decades. To achieve such demands, several methods have come and gone. We have seen the Audio-lingual Method, cognitive based approaches, the Total Physical Response (TPR), the Natural Approach, and many others. The belief that there is one single best method that meets the goals and the needs of all learners and programs has turned out to be bogus. What has emerged is a variety of communicative language teaching (CLT) methodologies which are seen as the most effective approaches to ELT. Communicative Language Teaching emerged in the 1970’s as a reaction to the traditional language teaching approaches. Since older methods, such as Audiolingualism and Situational Language Teaching, fell out of fashion CLT arose and soon spread worldwide. (Richards, 2006) There was a huge controversy among applied linguists concerning the centrality of grammar in language teaching and learning. It wasShow MoreRelatedCommunicative Approach1566 Words   |  7 PagesLANGUAJE TEACHING : THE COMMUNICATIVE APPROCHE I. Problems in the present English teaching and causes of these problems II. Introduce the communicative approach 1. The definition of communicative approach 2. Two principles of communicative approach †¢ Create a realistic situation †¢ The class should be students-centered III. Adopt communicative approach to improve students ability to listen and speak, and achieve the goal of English teaching 1. Three stages in communicative teachingRead MoreThe Western Training And Communicative Language Teaching1449 Words   |  6 Pages 1. Analyses the generic structure of the article The article is discussing the Western training and Communicative language teaching and mainly it argues about the impact of these teachings on a person who belongs from other languages. The role of TESOL is important here and the opinion and views of the other language teachers have been described. The discussion made in paper is in a proper and significant manner that is holding a generic structure for understanding. On the very first the paperRead MoreThe Pedagogical Aspects Of Communicative Language Teaching984 Words   |  4 PagesCommunicative Language Teaching This essay will take just a peek at some of the pedagogical aspects of Communicative Language Teaching and the teachers therein. As the U. K. entered the common market (EEC) in the early 1970s. A sharp rise in demand from our new European neighbours for The English Language landed on our shores. Due to the modernization of secondary schools not only in Europe but indeed worldwide, languages were a hot commodity and many were on offer, English being most sort afterRead MoreThe Audio Lingual Method For Teaching English Language Learners1508 Words   |  7 Pagesvariety of researched methods for teaching English Language Learners (ELLs) exist and most of them tend to claim communicative language use as their main goal, but this goal is not clearly evident in every method that claims it due in part to differences that arise from linguistic focuses versus psychological viewpoints. Of the various methods we have studied, the Audio-Lingual Method (ALM), Community Language Learning (CLL), and Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) are noteworthy for the similaritiesRead MoreLanguage Pedagogy And Teaching Strategies146 4 Words   |  6 PagesLanguage Pedagogy and Teaching Strategies Recent decades has witnessed the method of language teaching in Second Language Acquisition (SLA) has a shift from grammar-translation toward Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) (Brandl, 2007). During the 20th century, as increased attention was paid to the demand of communication skills, grammar-translation method which emphasizing knowledge of grammatical rules and translation activities was no longer effective (Richards Rodgers, 2001). In AustraliaRead MoreCommunicative Language Teaching ( Clt ) Essay772 Words   |  4 PagesELT approaches led to the emergence of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) that focuses on the semantic aspects of the language and fluency in the target language acquisition. Communicative Language Teaching is aâ€Å"hybrid approach to language teaching, essentially ‘progressive’ rather than ‘traditional’ (Wright, 2000). It is based on the theory that the principal function of language learning is communication. Hence the most fundamental principle of communicative approach is to make the learners engageRead MoreThe Teaching Of English As A Foreign Language Essay1326 Words   |  6 Pagesthe primary global lingua franca (Darasawang, Reinders, Waters, 2015, p. 2) †. The teaching of English as a foreign language (TEFL) in Thailand has initially started from the mid-19th century and it still plays the predominant role in Thai education nowadays. The national English curriculum made a major paradigm shift in mandating English as a compulsory subject in schools and universities. The English teaching method was influenced by western educational ideology of ‘values system’ or ‘classicalRead MoreConstructivism and Connectivism as Theories of Learning Essay1554 Words   |  7 Pagescourse or a skill. Computers are used in language learning and teaching ,so many new terms are coined to explain this process. CALL was first introduced on university mainframe computers. It is an acronym of computer assisted language learning It may be defined as the search for and study of applications of the computer in language teaching and learning Levy M. (1997). CALL is introduced in programs to assist language learning. There are many types of CALL programs. CALL specificRead MoreA Communicative Approach to Language Teaching1512 Words   |  6 PagesCommunicative Approach to Language Teaching Objective The objective of this study is to examine the general context of the communicative approach in language teaching and describe the key features of a communicatively innovative approach with a focus on form and to describe in detail four central elements of an innovative and progressive approach to second language teaching. This work will additionally discuss the challenges found in relation to the application of these two elements. Introduction Read MoreMy Philosophy : My Teaching Philosophy893 Words   |  4 PagesMy Teaching Philosophy Since Koreans started to learn English, thousands of people have struggled to master the language. Parents currently invest a lot of money and their children spend enormous amounts of time studying English as government suggests new language policies. However, proper verification and investigation of those policies have not been done yet and the outlet is really not promising (Suh, 2007). Most Korean students study English for tests. The purpose of English is so focused on

Law as a Living Body Free Essays

Laws in America are constantly changing. With the changes that America has the laws do not get updated with the change of time. These laws are no longer enforced because they do not seem as bad with the changes in society. We will write a custom essay sample on Law as a Living Body or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are three phases that America operates its legal system. Law as a living body, Due process and protecting the rights of the accused. Laws are considered a living body because the laws have been changed and interpreted differently in different cases that laws have become like a living body. The living human body evolves and grows with time. The body adapts to the changes in society as does the law. Law on the books refers to the written laws. Law in action refers to the laws that are actively being used and punishable for. For example, in some states Adultery is against the law but is rarely enforced. This means the law of adultery is a law on the books not a law in action. A law in Action is a law such as sex abuse that is often enforced in every state. Objectivity of law is how and where the laws are made and interpreted. Legislatures create basic laws where judges and juries can interpret them. The living body theory refers to the way laws are constantly changing and evolving like a human body. The human body evolves and changes with the times. Due process is best defined in one word, fairness. Throughout the U. S. ‘s history, its constitutions, statutes and case law have provided standards for fair treatment of citizens by federal, state and local governments. These standards are known as due process. When a person is treated unfairly by the government, including the courts, he is said to have been deprived of or denied due process. In 1791, our Fifth Amendment rights protected all individuals, American born and immigrants, basic protection from the federal government regarding civil rights violations. The positives of due process are that a person must be proven guilty not proven innocent in the court of law. If the Officers that are investigated and prosecuting a person of a crime do not fallow the laws of due process from the very beginning to the end the case may be dismissed from court. The negatives of due process are that even a guilty person may be let free if due process laws are not fallowed correctly. Another negative is that due process focuses on the rights as individuals rather than on society as a whole. Prior to the attacks on 09/11/2001, Individuals were protected by the 4th amendment. The fourth amendment protects citizens from unreasonable searches and seizures. Law enforcement needed to have probable cause to gain a search warrant. President Bush passed the patriot act, allowing law enforcement the right to search or seize telephones, computers, medical information or financial records on any person who is suspected of terrorism. With the Patriot act probable cause is no longer needed if a person is suspected of terrorism. The Due process of Law was created to protect the rights of those accused of committing a crime. Some of these laws date to 100 years ago and some are new laws that were developed as a result of historical court cases. Cases such as, the fourth amendment, this protects all individuals from illegal search and seizures (Mapp v. Ohio, 1961) Our fifth amendment protects individuals from self-incrimination, (Miranda v.  Arizona, 1966) And the sixth amendment protects us from being interrogated without a counsel present (Escobedo v. Illinois, 1964) Law as a living body is constantly changing and will continue to grow with the change in times. We are still protected as citizens with the changes in society. Our rights as well as the rights of others will continue to be a priority in law enforcement. Law enforcement is meant to protect society from crime, not to cause it by not valuing the rights of citizens. As society changes, the laws will too. How to cite Law as a Living Body, Essay examples

Symbolism Of The Great Gatsby Essay Research free essay sample

Symbolism Of The Great Gatsby Essay, Research Paper Symbolism IN THE GREAT GATSBY Frazer McIntoshs There are many grounds why F. Scott Fitzgerald is renowned as one of the greatest writers of his clip, and one of those grounds is his sophisticated usage of symbolism. This is apparent throughout The Great Gatsby, one of Fitzgerald s most celebrated plants. While there are infinite cases of the usage of symbolism, some of those most of import to the subjects in The Great Gatsby are the East and West Eggs, the green visible radiation, and the eyes of T.J. Eckleburg. From the really first chapter, there is a noticeable difference between the two parts of the metropolis. In fact, Nick make the point that West Egg is, the well, the less stylish of the two ( 9 ) . The importance of this difference lies in the fact that one of the major subjects of the novel is category and societal standing. We will write a custom essay sample on Symbolism Of The Great Gatsby Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Most of the characters face some kind of category boundaries, so the East and West Eggs act as a symbol for the barriers by demoing a physical separation of the two categories. The people populating in East Egg, Tom and Daisy, are the more refined of the two groups. They represent the old money and are particularly superficial and mercenary. Those who come from West Egg, on the other manus, are non a sophisticated in the eyes of the East Eggers, and can non hold a genuinely high societal standing, irrespective of how affluent they are, since they are new money. The societal barrier is can be found in that Gatsby can non hold Daisy because she is a true rich miss, and the fact that neither Tom nor Daisy are willing to accept what the see at Gatsby s 2nd party, even though Tom is being hypocritical when you consider that his ain parties were no more refined in nature than Gatsby s. Gatsby is hop elessly separated from his dream, merely as East Egg is separated from West Egg. In add-on to the physical spread that Gatsby wishes to shut, the green visible radiation coming from Daisy s dock symbolizes the yearning Gatsby has for Daisy. Additionally, it besides represents Gatsby s great dream a whole. He longs for wealth and credence every bit good as Daisy. No how much he has, nevertheless, his yearning is still at that place every bit long as Daisy is non with him, since everything else he wants is in actuality merely portion of his dream to hold Daisy once more. It is deserving taking note that his yearning is represented by the colour viridity, which is associated with money and enviousness. So, the green visible radiation that ever burns at the terminal of dock, represents everything Gatsby longs for. At the terminal of the book, Nick remarks on the green visible radiation: # 8220 ; Gatsby believed in the green visible radiation, the orgastic hereafter that twelvemonth by twelvemonth recedes before us. It eluded us so, but that # 8217 ; s no matter- to morrow we will run quicker, stretch out our weaponries farther # 8230 ; And one mulct morning- # 8221 ; ( 189 ) . A concluding major symbol of The Great Gatsby is the hoarding near Wilson s garage, with the eyes of Dr. Eckleburg. Because most of the characters do non look to hold any values or guilt for their misbehaviors, Fitzgerald implements the eyes of Eckleburg as a agency of judging those who do non fear judgement for their careless actions. They are near Wilson s house because of the events that happen at that place, particularly the struggle between Tom, Myrtle and George, ( and Daisy to some extent ) where they are all rip offing on one another, and of class, Myrtle s decease due to the careless behaviour of Daisy. Fitzgerald uses the judging eyes of Eckleburg to stress the deficiency of guilt in this civilization, and to do a point that possibly these offenses do necessitate to be punished.

Ocean Carriers free essay sample

Introduction †¢ Ocean Carriers Inc. owned and operated cape-size dry bulk carriers worldwide. †¢ Major Cargo type : Iron ore. †¢ Vessel sizes : 80000 DWT to 210000 DWT. †¢ Cape-size carriers travel around Cape Horn rather than the Panama Canal due to size constraints. Operations Maintenance Maintaining Supplies And on board Stores Supply of Lubricants Cargo Operations Repairs Insurance Business Model †¢ Mostly chartered on â€Å"time charter † basis for one, three , or five year periods. †¢ Occasionally spot charter market was used too. †¢ Charterer paid a daily hire rate for entire duration. †¢ They controlled where the cargo was  loaded and unloaded and also determined the cargo. †¢ OC Inc. supplied a qualified crew along Brief History †¢ In 2003, the average daily operating costs amounted to $ 4000. †¢ This cost increased annually at 1% due to inflation. †¢ Charterers were not charged for days spent in maintenanc e and repair but operating cost were still incurred. Maintenance Work Time Details †¢ Initially 8 days a year for repairs and maintenance. We will write a custom essay sample on Ocean Carriers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page †¢ This time increased to 12 days per year for ships operating for more than 5 years. †¢ For ships operating for more than 10 years the repair and maintenance days increased to 16 day per year. Operating Policies †¢ Ocean Carriers didn’t operate ships which were more than 15 years old. †¢ As per international maritime regulations they underwent special surveys every 5 years for seaworthiness of the carriers. †¢ As per the norms maintenance costs of ships older than 15 years was too high. †¢ To avoid these costs they sold the ships in scrap or second hand market before SWOT Analysis Strengths Weaknesses †¢ New and Larger vessels compared to industry †¢ So premium is earned compared to market †¢ Too much dependence on basic industries †¢ Not much product differentiation Opportunities Threats †¢ Great demand for iron ore and coal products in a strong economy †¢ Australian production and Indian Exports creating long term demand †¢ Probability of defaulting of Charterer †¢ Future estimates not entirely reliable Case Brief †¢ Background: – Mary Linn, VP Finance at OC Inc is evaluating options whether to invest and if yes how to invest in the new ship to be leased in 2003 †¢ Aim: – To evaluate the various options of capital budgeting, leasing, owning and resale of the new project ANALYSIS Assumptions †¢ Ocean Carriers is a U. S. firm †¢ Discount rate is taken to be 9% †¢ In case of 15 year life of the ship, theresale value in 2017 is calculated by assuming that the ‘then discount rate’ would be 12% †¢ Corporate tax rate is assumed to be 35% (Source: US Federal Reserve Data Release, 2001) Assumptions Continued †¢ Ocean Carriers is located in Hong Kong, where owners of Hong Kong ships are not requ ired to pay any tax on profits made overseas and are also exempted from paying any tax on profit made on cargo uplifted from Hong Kong. †¢ Discount rate is 9% †¢ Inflation rate is 0. 4% (Source: Central Bank of China data release, 2001) Options Available Don’t invest in new ship Build Operate for 15 yrs Sell off or scrapthereafter What to choose? Build Operate for 15 yrs Sell off or scrap thereafter Option. Years Life †¢ The DCF analysis of this option gives us the following results: Option 2 : 25 years life †¢ The DCF analysis of this option gives us the following results: Business Implications of the analysis: Assume the company is based Recommendations †¢ NPVs of both the options are negative †¢ Also, the IRR of both the options are less than the existing discount rate †¢ As a result, we recommend that Ocean Carriers Inc. should not go for the investment in the ship †¢ The tax rate of 35% is considerablylarge †¢ The initial $39 million purchase of the new ship is never fully recovered by expected future revenues since NPV is negative in both the cases †¢ Thus, the investment is too much of a Business Implications of the analysis: Assume the company is based in HK Recommendations †¢ Considering the zero tax assumption, we can see that the NPV of both the options is positive and that for 15 year life is more than the 25 year life †¢ Thu s, assuming the company is based in Hong Kong, the company must go for the 15 year life option owing to the higher NPV Reasons for selecting the 15 years life option †¢ As stated earlier, the NPV of this option is more than the other †¢ As the ship gets older than 15 years, the hire rate starts decreasing more rapidly as seen from Exhibit 4 †¢ As it can be seen from the following graph, the hire rate reduces more rapidly after 2017 Expected Daily Hire Rate vs Age Sell of the ship and don’t scrap †¢ As seen in Exhibit 6, the ship has the potential to generate cash flows even after 15 years †¢ The estimated resale value of the ship at the end of 15 years assuming that the life can be extended up to 25 years is $2,41,78,423 †¢ This value is significantly higher than the  scrap value of $5,000,000 †¢ Also, the company has a policy of not operating the ships older than 15 years old †¢ But, there exists a potential for selling off the ship since some other companies do Continued†¦. †¢ The current inflation was pegged at 0. 4%. But, in case in the future years, say 15 years hence, if the inflati on rises above 0. 4%, then there would be a significant increase in the operating costs and working capital requirements †¢ Thus, the current forecasts for 20 -25 years down the line may not hold good †¢ Thus, even with this case it is better Ocean Carriers Inc. should accept the 3 year contract †¢ Amount recovered by the initial contract is $17,192,594 †¢ Many a times, new ships may not be leased out immediately after delivery because of low demand †¢ But, in this case, the ship can be immediately leased out: meaning it can generate cash inflows immediately on commission †¢ Also, since the client is in utter need of the ship, he may offer the company a premium of 10-15% which is beneficial for Ocean Carriers Inc. Our Recommendations Invest in new ship OC Inc is HK Based OC Inc is US Based Operate it for 15 yrs followed by resale Accept the initial 3 yr contract for Don’t invest in new ship

Ethical and Social Obligations

Ethical and Social Obligations Abstract Ethical integrity means possessing principled character like empathy, honesty and loyalty. Each person possesses ethical character that he or she exudes on a regular basis. They can be personal ethics, work based ethics or familial ethics. Ethical integrity is when people implement these ethics and stick by them regardless of the consequences. Individuals with apt ethical integrity will always stick with their preferred choice of action consequently taking responsibility for such actions.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Ethical and Social Obligations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Ethical integrity is a vital quality that individuals should possess. Ethics is also called moral philosophy as it describes what is morally apt or inapt. Whether an individual considers him righteous or not does not pass. This is so because, at any particular time, everyone must think in ethical ways. We all think about what is good or bad, what being fair means and justice accorded to everyone. Practicing ethical integrity Ethical integrity is an essential quality in everyone’s life. Thus, it must be practiced in everything we do. Ethical integrity is practiced at every aspect of life. This includes at home, at work and in personal life. Work based ethics Ethical integrity is important at work as it results in many actions that enable an individual to perform, and relate well with their colleagues and clients. Ethical integrity is not about what we tell others or what we want to do. It is what we do, or the actions we perform. The best way to show integrity at the work place is to be consistent in ethical principles and practice. Some scholars refer to ethical integrity as a measure of character. In any organization, there must be a set of ethical values that the employees understand and adhere to, in accordance to their responsibility, in that organization. Ethical integrity at work mainl y refers to the loyalty and commitment of employees and clients. In my view for employees and clients, to be completely loyal and committed they must be contented that their organization has ethical practices. The employers have the responsibility of presenting employees and clients with labor practices, policies, fairness, integrity and values. They also have to ensure that all employees are contented with the presented moral practices, and follow up their implementation. The organizations should always put the client interest at heart. For instance, James Burke who is the previous CEO of Johnson and Johnson displayed his moral integrity when he addressed consumers’ interest before the company’s objective. He recalled all Tylenol, which was manufactured by the company.Advertising Looking for research paper on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The initiation charge of these drugs was $ 100 million , but to James Burke the consumers’ health was paramount (Guy, 1990). Currently Johnson and Johnson has benefited from an apt reputation arising from application of ethical integrity thus, earning public trust. It is not forgotten that in any business organization, nothing is preferred more than an apt reputation. The long-term trust between the organization and clients is vital to profitable business in the future (Guy, 1990). Personal ethics Personal ethics refer to how an individual wants to live his life thus; it constitutes self regarding and other regarding ethical practices. Self regarding includes immorality and grounds of survival, self concern and rational anticipation. Other regarding includes mainly interpersonal-moral relations. Some scholars refer to personal relations as morality. They argue that it represents the expectation of an individual in a society. The main concern, in personal ethics, is the way an individual conducts his life. Those ethical integrity values that an individual possesses constitute the personal ethics. Personal ethics are the moral commitment to do the correct thing, and it might include financial, emotional and social cost. It is noteworthy that ethical principals be used as the foundations in decision making. There are various principles of personal ethics which an individual must posses. One principle is an individual’s interest in the well being of others. One must make decisions in life while considering the well being of others. Another principle is the respect for others freedom. An individual must revere the independence of others by not interfering or obstructing. One must also be honest and trustworthy. An individual must always say the truth; furthermore, it is vital to comply with the law and be fair in his judgment. One must refuse to take unfair advantage over others. Personal ethics also constitutes the ability of an individual to prevent harm. Individuals, who never want to accept a loss, mu st engage in strategies that foster success (Schminke, 1998). Familial ethics Family affairs are recorded as ethically momentous. This ethical character spawns familial compulsion. In view of the fact that, the family is considered a social unit that involves a passionate, long-term, supportive, cooperative and protective relationship among its members. We usually think of family affairs as necessarily including some basic mutual sharing, company, aid and care. This scenery of family affairs obliges one to make suitable retort to family members interests, problems or needs. Familial integrity involves the developing of family traditions that are translated to the other family members. Familial ethics majorly involves the relationship within a family. It highlights how the family members relate with one another. A family with good familial ethics encourages well and better living conditions. In such a family, there is always tranquility and affluence.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Ethical and Social Obligations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In a family, ethical decision making always take the center stage for the development of a good family relationship. The conduct, especially that of the head of the family serves as a model to the family. Decisions must be made by the implementation of ethical integrity (Schminke, 1998). For example, the sex scandals about Tiger woods that were recently in the media were against familial ethics. However, he applied ethical integrity when he apologized to his family and fans and accepted his mistakes. The implementation of familial values is the most outstanding way to nature ethical integrity within the family. The ethical principles in a family will help nature the family off springs in to responsible adults. The family is the bed rock for the foundation of all the other forms of ethics. The way one relates to the family will affect that perso n’s relation at work and any other place (Schminke, 1998). Ethical and social obligations There is the need for ethical and social obligations in the society which result in good moral and interpersonal relationship. It has been evident that it is always difficult for an organization to put in place ethical standards and then comply with them. Whether the ethical principles of an organization are set or not, employees should stand by their personal ethics. This helps in bringing about unity and understanding in the organization. It requires consciousness and audacity to take action in that instant thus clasping out for a preference. This is in configuration with the affirmed ethics of the organization and the integrity of those involved.   Ethical Integrity provides the motivation to translate awareness into action. There is fundamental fulfillment in accessing courage at times when ethical integrity is tested (Wolfe, 1989). Ethical and social obligations examine the need f or appropriate action. There are various factors that bring about the need for appropriate action. The chief motive is to bring about steadiness within a society. There are various ways that result in the satisfaction of ethical and social obligation. When one is, open to feed back, he will interact well with the society as he will provide opportunities for others to comment on his deeds thus accepting criticism. This will bring out the need for appropriate action. In order to examine, the need for appropriate action an individual should accept personal responsibility. This helps in the establishment of fine interpersonal relations. Essence of appropriate action is also portrayed when one balances his needs with the needs of others. Here, the individual considers others in his actions. This brings understanding and apt relations. Need for appropriate action comes out when one practices understanding and compassion. When one posses this ethical integrity trait he avoids conflict with colleagues who have divergent views as evident at work or home. This brings unity among individuals working together or living together as a family thus, the need for appropriate action. Seeking advice from others enhances the need for appropriate action (Wolfe, 1989).Advertising Looking for research paper on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Since, consultation strengthens relations as people are free with one another. This portrays the need for appropriate action as it results in better understanding and communication. Being respectful of views that are different is a clear indication of the need for appropriate action. It streamlines the relationship among individuals and encourages prosperity especially at work and at school. This shows that appropriate action brings prosperity at the different levels of life (Wolfe, 1989). So as, to reflect the need for appropriate action an individual must act with integrity even when it is inconvenient. This shows the care one has for his colleagues or family. This builds strong familial units or an excellent reciprocated relationship at work. The need for appropriate action is portrayed when an individual keeps agreements he has made with other people. This establishes trust between individuals in an organization or at home. Establishment of trust amongst individuals reflects the importance of appropriate actions. The essence of appropriate action comes out when one knows the difference between humor and hostility. This enables and individual avoid offensive statements and actions that may necessitate appropriate action. Optimal ethical Decision making processes There are three main ethical decision making processes. These include dictatorship, democracy and consensus decision making. In dictatorship, only one individual is involved in decision making as no one’s view is considered. In most occasions, those individuals are normally the head of such organizations or departments. This ethical decision making process has merits and demerits that come with its implementation. One major merit is that the decisions are made quickly and in time. A major demerit is that a wrong decision may be unnoticed which hurts the organization or family in days to come (Brown, 2005). The other decision-making process is democracy. In a democracy, the stakeholder’ s views are considered before a decision is made. This involves a wide range of consultation that comes with the decision made. Everyone is given the chance to air their views before the people present (cannon, 2003). It suits a situation where many people are involved. Its merit is that a consultative and appropriate decision is made about an issue. Its demerit is that it takes a long time to arrive at a decision that suits the entire stakeholder. It is one of the processes preferred by many individuals and organizations. The last decision making process entails consensus. This is a process that involves few people. Here, the individuals indulge in a round –table-discussions (cannon, 2003). Each presents his decisions and discussion begins thus assessing the tabled ideas. A decision is reached when all the ideas are merged to form one decision that suits all the parties involved. The demerit of this process is that it takes time before a pronouncement is reached. It has a me rit which is, it results in a consultative-effective and appropriate decision (cannon, 2003). These decision-making processes have to be improved so as to suit every one involved. My first suggestion is the abolishment of the dictatorship process. This is so because it mostly results in wrong decisions, as they only suit the decision maker. This decision-making process also brings conflict whenever a wrong decision is made. My other suggestion is the improvement of the consensus process since the parties involved should strictly constitute of experts and not people interested in the decision. This will enable the process to take a shorter period, and the decision will be comprehensive. Decision-making and deeds among the customer and the professional are altered by the influence of the organization. Each organization has a diverse way of managing the decision-making process; furthermore, organizations decide the way it will work with reference to the ethical behavior. An individualà ¢â‚¬â„¢s principles and morals are dissimilar to others thus the way they interpret social regulations or expectations is different. Professional restrictions and behavior plays a major role during decision making. These factors might influence someone to act dissimilar to others if put in the same situation. In actuality, all of these factors and others not stated are factors that affect daily professional work. The present economic and political situation contributes to the complexity of this concept. It is hard to make excellent decisions without being questioned as a result of ethical positions or suitability (cannon, 2003).   Professionals at work must do their best in making apt decisions. If an individual encounters ethical dilemmas, decision-making steps are used i.e. concerns explanation, principles acknowledgment, addressing opposition, issue resolution, stakeholder investigation and decision accomplishment. Many ethical decision making methods exist; most of the methods constitute comparable steps in unraveling ethical dilemmas (cannon, 2003). Conclusion Ethical integrity is essential in one’s life. It constitutes how one conducts himself and makes a decision. Work based ethics are the ethical behaviors at the work place thus bring efficiency and productivity at the work place. Familial ethics are ethical integrity principles in the family; they mainly enhance unity and understanding. Personal ethics pertain to the manner in which an individual wants to live his life. It constitutes self regarding and other regarding processes. Ethical and social obligation helps realize the need for appropriate action by viewing the results of an individual’s positive, ethical integrity behavior. There are three main ethical decision making processes thus totalitarianism, democracy and consensus decision making. References Cannon, B. (2003). One Sigma Decision in a Six Sigma World. The Cannon Advantage. Web. Brown, M. (2005). Corporate integrity: re thinking organizational ethics, and leadership. New York. Cambridge University Press. Dorrien, G. (2008). Social ethics in the making: interpreting an American tradition. Oxford. Wiley-Blackwell. Guy, M. (1990). Ethical decision making in everyday work situations. New York. Greenwood Publishing Group. Schminke, M. (1998). Managerial ethics: moral management of people and processes. New Jersey. Lawrence Erlbaum associates Inc. Wolfe, A. (1989). Whose keeper? Social science and moral obligation. California. University of California Press Wesley Cragg. (2005). Ethics codes, corporations, and the challenge of globalization. Massachusetts. Edward Elgar Publishing

Explaining the Writing Experience Through Metaphors

Explaining the Writing Experience Through Metaphors Writing is like . . . building a house, pulling teeth, pounding a wall, riding a wild horse, conducting an exorcism, throwing a lump of clay on a potters wheel, performing surgery on yourself without anesthesia. When asked to discuss the experience of writing, authors often respond with figurative comparisons. Thats not too surprising. After all, metaphors and similes are the intellectual tools of the serious writer, ways of examining and imagining experiences as well as describing them. Here are 20 figurative explanations that aptly convey the  writing experience  from famous authors. Bridge BuildingI wanted to try to build a bridge of words between me and that world outside, that world that was so distant and elusive that it seemed unreal.(Richard Wright, American Hunger, 1975)Road BuildingThe maker of a sentence . . . launches out into the infinite and builds a road into Chaos and old Night, and is followed by those who hear him with something of wild, creative delight.(Ralph Waldo Emerson, Journals, December 19, 1834)ExploringWriting is like exploring. . . . As an explorer makes maps of the country he has explored, so a writers works are maps of the country he has explored.(Lawrence Osgood, quoted in Axelrod Coopers Concise Guide to Writing, 2006)Giving Away Loaves and FishesWriting is like giving away the few loaves and fishes one has, trusting that they will multiply in the giving. Once we dare to give away on paper the few thoughts that come to us, we start discovering how much is hidden underneath these thoughts and gradually come in touch with our own ric hes.(Henri Nouwen, Seeds of Hope: A Henri Nouwen Reader, 1997) Opening a ClosetWriting is like opening the closet you havent cleared out in years. You are looking for the ice skates but find the Halloween costumes. Dont start trying on all the costumes right now. You need the ice skates. So find the ice skates. You can go back later and try on all the Halloween costumes.(Michele Weldon, Writing to Save Your Life, 2001)Pounding a WallSometimes writing is difficult. Sometimes writing is like pounding a brick wall with a ball-peen hammer in the hope that the barricade will evolve into a revolving door.(Chuck Klosterman, Eating the Dinosaur, 2009)WoodworkingWriting something is almost as hard as making a table. With both you are working with reality, a material just as hard as wood. Both are full of tricks and techniques. Basically, very little magic and a lot of hard work are involved.(Gabriel Garcà ­a Mrquez, The Paris Review Interviews, 1982)Building a HouseIt is helpful to me to pretend that writing is like building a house. I like to go out an d watch real building projects and study the faces of the carpenters and masons as they add board after board and brick after brick. It reminds me of how hard it is to do anything really worth doing.(Ellen Gilchrist, Falling Through Space, 1987) MiningWriting is to descend like a miner to the depths of the mine with a lamp on your forehead, a light whose dubious brightness falsifies everything, whose wick is in permanent danger of explosion, whose blinking illumination in the coal dust exhausts and corrodes your eyes.(Blaise Cendrars, Selected Poems, 1979)Laying PipeWhat civilians do not understandand to a writer, anyone not a writer is a civilianis that writing is manual labor of the mind: a job, like laying pipe.(John Gregory Dunne, Laying Pipe, 1986)Smoothing Ripples[W]riting is like trying to smooth ripples from water with ones handthe more I try, the more disturbed things get.(Kij Johnson, The Fox Woman, 2000)Renewing a WellWriting is like renewing a dried well: at the bottom, mud, muck, dead birds. You clean it out well and leave room for water to spring up again and ascend almost up to the brim so clean that even the children look at their reflections in it.(Luz Pichel, Pieces of Letters From My Bedroom. Writing Bonds : Irish and Galician Contemporary Women Poets, 2009) SurfingDelay is natural to a writer. He is like a surferhe bides his time, waits for the perfect wave on which to ride in. Delay is instinctive with him. He waits for the surge (of emotion? of strength? of courage?) that will carry him along.(E.B. White, The Paris Review Interviews, 1969)Surfing and GraceWriting a book is a bit like surfing. . . . Most of the time youre waiting. And its quite pleasant, sitting in the water waiting. But you are expecting that the result of a storm over the horizon, in another time zone, usually, days old, will radiate out in the form of waves. And eventually, when they show up, you turn around and ride that energy to the shore. Its a lovely thing, feeling that momentum. If youre lucky, its also about grace. As a writer, you roll up to the desk every day, and then you sit there, waiting, in the hope that something will come over the horizon. And then you turn around and ride it, in the form of a story.(Tim Winton, interviewed by Aida Edemariam. The Gua rdian, June 28, 2008) Swimming Under WaterAll good writing is swimming under water and holding your breath.(F. Scott Fitzgerald, in a letter to his daughter, Scottie)HuntingWriting is like hunting. There are brutally cold afternoons with nothing in sight, only the wind and your breaking heart. Then the moment when you bag something big. The entire process is beyond intoxicating.(Kate Braverman, quoted by Sol Stein in Stein on Writing, 1995)Pulling the Trigger of a GunWriting is like pulling the trigger of a gun; if you are not loaded, nothing happens.(attributed to Henry Seidel Canby)RidingWriting is like trying to ride a horse which is constantly changing beneath you, Proteus changing while you hang on to him. You have to hang on for dear life, but not hang on so hard that he cant change and finally tell you the truth.(Peter Elbow, Writing Without Teachers, 2nd ed., 1998)DrivingWriting is like driving at night in the fog. You can only see as far as your headlights, but you can make the whole trip that wa y.(attributed to E.L. Doctorow) WalkingThen wed revise, make the words walk slowly on the slippery trail.(Judith Small, Body of Work. The New Yorker, July 8, 1991)

Geographies of war, occupation, resistance, and terrorism Essay

Geographies of war, occupation, resistance, and terrorism - Essay Example Unlike Britain and France, the major European powers, the US were highly recognized by Middle East as a good country with good people. Some of the key factors that improved US image in the eyes of the Middle East countries include the introduction of up-to-date medicine initiatives in the region, establishment of educational institutions, and provision of qualified petroleum engineers. As a result of the contributions of the US made in Middle East, the two regions had a strong connection prior to the Second World War. However, in the recent past, the two regions had a negative relationship that had triggered political unrest. This paper seeks to analyze the causes and solutions of the conflicts between Middle East and US. Even though Arabs and Israel have been involved in conflicts for a long period of time, the vested interest of the foreign countries, also referred to as foreign elite, has triggered the violence that led to large number of deaths in the Middle East countries. In ad dition to the US, China, Britain, Germany and Russia have also focused at controlling the oil in the Middle East countries. It is worth noting that as long as the foreign elite continue to be involved in the Middle East politics, the conflicts will remain unresolved. ... According to the Arab countries, US is the major cause of the conflict based on its political suppression, occupation of native land, military invasion as well as continued support of Israel on its political suppression against Palestine (Wu Sike 15). Additionally, Middle East countries argue that the US have negatively affected the culture of Arab countries by bringing about western values that have sabotaged the significant values of Islam community. As a result of the US invasion, the radical in the Middle East have gone to the extreme in their endeavor to resist the US control resulting to the emergence of terrorism. Another major cause of the animosity between the US and Middle East is the aim of the former to control the Middle East oil. In their efforts to expand their oil reserves, the US and other powerful states interferes with Arab-Israel conflicts with an aim of controlling the vast petroleum resources that acts as the major source of income for the Middle East countries. As a result, Arab countries have joined together to attack US interests in their countries such as the embassies, diplomats and other expatriates. In their efforts to improve their economy and intensify their control over the Middle East foreign countries have continued to sell weapons to the Arab countries an aspect that instigated conflicts in the Middle East. In this regard, it is fundamental for the UN and other international organizations to ban the sale of weapons to the Middle East countries to eliminate the war that has decapitated the economy of the Arab countries. Morris (37) argues that the emergence of corrupt and poor leadership in Middle East is one of the

Consciousness and Mind Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Consciousness and Mind - Essay Example   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"The experiences in which the artist sees his phantasy formations, or more precisely, that peculiar internal seeing itself or bringing to intuition of centaurs, heroic characters, landscapes, and so on, which we contrast to external seeing, to the external seeing that belongs to perception† (Meraud, 27). Husserl is of the opinion that phantasy is quite fairly evolved in the artist.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While Husserl asserts â€Å"aesthetic consciousness† in artists, Noe (2000) argues, "Art can make a needed contribution to the study of perceptual consciousness" (123). He means that artwork of artists can provide us the opportunity to gain a reflective experience. That is how one can do phenomenological investigation.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To put forth his point forward, Noe (2000) illustrates cases of Smith and Serra. Both create metal sculptures appropriate for outdoor installation. While Smith's works are created based on mathematical or geometrical ratios; Serra's works are purely experiential. Smith’s creation attempts to combine certain shapes such as terahedrons so as to fill out space. They are demonstrative pieces to show that space can be filled. In contrast, Serra's pieces depend upon their scale, their milieu and their complexity. Smith's pieces can be viewed as universal. Smith is more concerned with geometry, form and internal relationships while Serra's sculpture invokes consciousness (Noe, 2000). He categorically emphasizes that works of some artists do qualify for phenomenological study meaning "Experiential art enables us to do this†.

Subash Chandra Bose Essay Example for Free

Subash Chandra Bose Essay His death was a great loss to the country  . Though Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru have garnered much of the credit for successful culmination of Indian freedom struggle, the contribution of Subash Chandra Bose is no less. He has been denied his rightful place in the annals of Indian history. He founded Indian National Army (Azad Hind Fauj) to overthrow British Empire from India and came to acquire legendary status among Indian masses. Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose was one of those who sacrificed their lives in the freedom movement of India. Subhas Bose was a born leader. People were always ready to risk their lives on his call. He was a fierce and popular leader in the political scene in pre-independence India, so it did not come as shock when he was elected the President of All India Congress in 1938 Subhas was in favor of armed revolution in order to drive out the British.. Bose advocated complete unconditional independence for India. He was acclaimed as a semigod, akin to the many mythological heroes like Rama or Krishna, and continues as a legend in Indian mind. Subhash Chandra Bose was a very able man. He had excellent moral character. He had a grand personality. Any one who met him always admired him. He was a great general. His solders- Hindu, Muslims, Christians and Anglo Indians were simply devoted to him and regarded him ultimate. He was a first class practical statesman of great tact. He had a strong determination. He was a phantom and his name was still a sound when the Indian Armies under his leadership and command invaded Imphal and the eastern boundary of Manipur His Cradle Years! Subhas Chandra Bose was born in Cuttack, Orissa, in 1897.. Subhas was highly disciplined from his childhood days and had a burning desire to see India ree. . He studied at  Stewart School, Cuttack, an Anglo school, until the seventh standard and then shifted to  Ravenshaw Collegiate School. After securing the second position in the matriculation examination of Calcutta province in 1911, he got admitted to the  Presidency College  where he studied briefly. [16]  His nationalistic temperament came to light when His intolerant of prejudices against India spurt forth When his English teacher at Presidency College (Calcutta), Mr. Otton, made negative remarks about Indians in his classroom, he protested. He successfully organized a strike, demanding a public apology from the teacher. Consequently, Subhas was expelled but was happy that he stood up for a right cause. R ight from his childhood he was a bright student and was a topper in the matriculation examination from the whole of Calcutta province. He graduated from the Scottish Church College in Calcutta with a First Class degree in Philosophy. Influenced by the teachings of Swami Vivekananda, he was known for his patriotic zeal as a student. After leaving the college, Subhas devoted time in social work. People advised him to go back to the college and complete his studies. With considerable effort he gained admission into the Scottish Church College of Calcutta. To fulfill his parents wishes he went to England in 1919 to compete for Indian Civil Services. In England he appeared for the Indian Civil Service competitive examination in 1920, and came out fourth in order of merit. However, Subhas Chandra Bose was deeply disturbed by the Jallianwalla Bagh massacre, and left his Civil Services apprenticeship midway to return to India in 1921 to dedicate his life for the fight of India’s freedom.

Salt Marshes :: essays research papers

Oceanography  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Salt Marshes Salt marshes are coastal wetlands rich in marine life, which are covered by water at least once per month. They are found in the intertidal zones along low-energy coastlines, forming along the margins of estuaries, where freshwater from the land mixes with seawater. These marshes can be found near the Great South Bay and the Long Island Sound. The entire south shore of Long Island is considered to be a salt marsh important to the health of the marine life. Beginning in Jamaica Bay and extending to Montauk Point, Long Islands salt marches help remove toxic chemicals that are caused by pollution, thus making them a vital part of the eco-system. The Salt Marshes contain different types of grasses that grow out of the water and along the water's edge. This grass can be seen when the tide is low and is covered by water when the tide comes in. This grass helps hold the soil together by dispersing any wave energy and creating a breeding ground for many important marine animals. Also, the plants act as a natural filter, removing any chemicals that might be in the seawater. Some of the plants that are found in salt marshes are: Salt Marsh Grass or Spartina Alterniflora and Cord grass as well as reeds, sedges and golden rod. At low tide, nutrient-rich water flows from the marsh back into the sea, feeding the plankton upon which all other life depends. Peat, which is what the march is mostly made of, is very absorbent. In some areas, it limits coastal flooding by containing the water that comes in during a very high or storm-driven tide. Peat also acts as a filter, cleaning water by removing various compounds and either storing or breaking them down. The salt marsh is also an important breeding ground for many species of marine life. These animals use the marsh and its tall grasses for protection from predators. Some of the marine life is: clams, mussels, shrimp, oysters and small fishes such as killies and spearing. Some mammals use the salt marsh also. These animals include: mice, skunks and many, many species of water fowl. These animals use the marsh not only as a home, but as a place to find food as well. There are destructive forces at work against the salt marsh. While a slowly rising sea level has had some effect, the greatest destruction of salt marshes that has taken place is urban and suburban development. Salt Marshes :: essays research papers Oceanography  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Salt Marshes Salt marshes are coastal wetlands rich in marine life, which are covered by water at least once per month. They are found in the intertidal zones along low-energy coastlines, forming along the margins of estuaries, where freshwater from the land mixes with seawater. These marshes can be found near the Great South Bay and the Long Island Sound. The entire south shore of Long Island is considered to be a salt marsh important to the health of the marine life. Beginning in Jamaica Bay and extending to Montauk Point, Long Islands salt marches help remove toxic chemicals that are caused by pollution, thus making them a vital part of the eco-system. The Salt Marshes contain different types of grasses that grow out of the water and along the water's edge. This grass can be seen when the tide is low and is covered by water when the tide comes in. This grass helps hold the soil together by dispersing any wave energy and creating a breeding ground for many important marine animals. Also, the plants act as a natural filter, removing any chemicals that might be in the seawater. Some of the plants that are found in salt marshes are: Salt Marsh Grass or Spartina Alterniflora and Cord grass as well as reeds, sedges and golden rod. At low tide, nutrient-rich water flows from the marsh back into the sea, feeding the plankton upon which all other life depends. Peat, which is what the march is mostly made of, is very absorbent. In some areas, it limits coastal flooding by containing the water that comes in during a very high or storm-driven tide. Peat also acts as a filter, cleaning water by removing various compounds and either storing or breaking them down. The salt marsh is also an important breeding ground for many species of marine life. These animals use the marsh and its tall grasses for protection from predators. Some of the marine life is: clams, mussels, shrimp, oysters and small fishes such as killies and spearing. Some mammals use the salt marsh also. These animals include: mice, skunks and many, many species of water fowl. These animals use the marsh not only as a home, but as a place to find food as well. There are destructive forces at work against the salt marsh. While a slowly rising sea level has had some effect, the greatest destruction of salt marshes that has taken place is urban and suburban development.

Slavery Today

Slavery in the 21st Century Sex trafficking is a modern-day form of slavery in which a commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion. While this happens all over the world, it occurs much more frequently in the United States than one would think. Sex traffickers use a variety of methods to â€Å"condition† their victims including starvation, confinement, beatings, physical abuse, rape, gang rape, threats of violence to the victims and the victims’ families, and forced drug use. In modern day slavery, human beings are literally bought and sold as property on the market, for amounts ranging from $80 to $5,000. Like in the 1800s, victims might even be sold at auctions where they have been kidnapped or sold into slavery by their families or friends whom they believed they could trust. They have no control over their lives: where they live, what work they do, their sexuality, or their health. Escaping is nearly impossible as victims are often constantly drugged, and they fear being abused or even killed. This is very similar to slavery in the 1700s and 1800s. Right now there are many problems and issues being brought up about the United States, however sex trafficking has failed to be acknowledged by most as one of those issues. We should care more about sex trafficking since it is believed to be the 21st century’s version of slavery. In the 1800s slavery was abolished and ended with the Civil War, but now it has arisen once again in a different way. We should pay more attention to these issues in providing education on the topic by reporting on the statistics and effects of sex trafficking in the media. I don’t know if we can truly abolish slavery in every form, but we should try as history has shown the effects slavery has on the individual, as well as, society.

Learning and Student Code Essay

The Student Code of Conduct and the Student Code of Academic Integrity were both very informative. In the Student Code of Conduct, there was no information that I can say that I found very shocking. All of the rules that are listed in the Student Code of Conduct, seem to be in place to ensure that students will be able to learn and work in a safe and productive environment. In the Student Code of Academic Integrity, there was also nothing that I can say that I found necessarily surprising. In a learning environment, us as students should be expected to rely on our own academic abilities, and submit work that is our own. What did you learn about the behaviors considered important for an ethical learner or student in the University of Phoenix learning community? Each student has their own unique set of ethics, principals and rules, which help us to determine the choices that we will make in life as well as during our learning experience. I learned that the way that each of us learn and react to different situations, can be from a variety of many different things. For example, our DNA, upbringing, as well as the communities in which we grew up in play a vital role in our decision making process and the ethical choices that we decide to make. At the University of Phoenix, it is important that each member follow the ethical standards, to ensure that every student is safe and treated with respect. Why are the Student Code of Conduct and Student Code of Academic Integrity important to you and the University of Phoenix learning community? The Student Code of Conduct and the Student Code of Academic Integrity are both very Important resources to being a productive member of the University of Phoenix Learning Community. The Student Code of Conduct is designed to ensure that students are aware of what is expected of them and focuses on the behaviors that will guarantee that each student is safe and treated with respect, and able to learn in a productive environment. The student code of Academic Integrity is very important as a student and contributor to the University of Phoenix learning community. The Code of Academic Integrity teaches students the importance of relying own their own learning abilities and thoughts when completing assignments and coursework.

The Function and Location of the Brainstem

The Function and Location of the Brainstem The brainstem is the region of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord. It consists of the midbrain, medulla oblongata, and the pons. Motor and sensory neurons travel through the brainstem allowing for the relay of signals between the brain and the spinal cord. Most  cranial nerves  are found in the brainstem. The brainstem coordinates motor control signals sent from the ​brain to the body. This brain region also controls life supporting autonomic functions of the peripheral nervous system. The fourth cerebral ventricle is located in the brainstem, posterior to the pons and medulla oblongata. This  cerebrospinal fluid-filled ventricle is continuous with the cerebral aqueduct and the central canal of the spinal cord. Function In addition to linking the cerebrum and spinal cord, the brainstem also connects the cerebrum with the cerebellum. The cerebellum is important for regulating functions such as movement coordination, balance, equilibrium, and muscle tone. It is positioned above the brainstem and beneath the occipital lobes of the cerebral cortex. Nerve tracts traveling through the brainstem relay signals from the cerebellum to areas of the cerebral cortex that are involved in motor control. This allows for the coordination of fine motor movements needed for activities such as walking or playing video games. The brainstem also controls several important functions of the body including: AlertnessArousalBreathingBlood pressure controlDigestionHeart rateOther autonomic functionsRelays information between the peripheral nerves and spinal cord to the upper parts of the brain Location Directionally, the brainstem is located at the juncture of the cerebrum and the spinal column. It is anterior to the cerebellum. Brainstem Structures The brainstem is composed of the midbrain and portions of the hindbrain, specifically the pons and medulla. A major function of the midbrain is to connect the three major brain divisions: forebrain, midbrain, and  hindbrain. Major structures of the midbrain include the tectum and cerebral peduncle. The tectum is composed of rounded bulges of brain matter that are involved in visual and auditory reflexes. The cerebral peduncle consists of large bundles of nerve fiber tracts that connect the forebrain to the hindbrain. The hindbrain is composed of two subregions known as the metencephalon and myelencephalon. The metencephalon is composed of the pons and cerebellum. The pons assists in the regulation  of breathing, as well as states of sleep and arousal. The cerebellum relays information between muscles and the  brain. The myelencephalon consists of the medulla oblongata and functions to connect the spinal cord with higher brain regions. The medulla also helps to regulate autonomic functions, such as breathing and blood pressure. Brainstem Injury Injury to the brainstem caused by trauma or stroke can lead to difficulties with mobility and movement coordination. Activities such as walking, writing, and eating become difficult and the individual may require life-long treatment. Stroke that occurs in the brainstem causes the destruction of brain tissue that is needed for the direction of vital body functions such as respiration, heart rhythm, and swallowing. A stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is disrupted, most commonly by a blood clot. When the brainstem is damaged, signals between the brain and the rest of the body are disrupted. Brainstem stroke can cause problems with breathing, heart rate, hearing, and speech. It may also cause paralysis of the arms and legs, as well as numbness in the body or on one side of the body. Sources Murphy, Andrew. Brainstem. Dr. Jeremy Jones, Radiopaedia, 2005. Pietrangelo, Ann. Brain Stem Stroke. Healthline, May 23, 2018.

Essay How a Student Can Build a Perfect LinkedIn Profile

Essay How a Student Can Build a Perfect LinkedIn Profile Essay: How a Student Can Build a Perfect LinkedIn Profile Beginning a successful career includes developing a good resume and placing it in some social network to make it visible for recruiters. If you want your resume to attract attention, it should be properly composed. Following a couple of helpful tips can help to avoid common mistakes while making your LinkedIn profile more effective! Choose a suitable photo. Appearance makes the first impression. Thats why it is important to choose a good photo, one which you look pleasant, confident, and professional. Avoid selecting a photo with pets or toys or ones where you look shy or funny. Remember, if you want people to take you seriously, you should look serious, and friendly. Compose a descent heading. A suitable photo should be accompanied by an excellent, well-composed slogan (Garriott, 2015). Think carefully before placing it on your profile, though. It should reflect your motivation and express your future goals and willingness to accept career challenges! An example is, â€Å"Well-trained marketing expert is ready to take a position in a successful international company.† Dont be afraid to sound too self-confident. At this stage, its important to grab the attention of the hiring manager or recruiter and evoke curiosity to find out more about you. Well-rounded education is what counts! The education section must provide details about your education. Write about your major and minor courses and add information about any other relevant courses completed and knowledge useful for the specialty you have acquired (Linked-In, 2013). Every bit of information added to this part of your profile will be beneficial to your profile by making your qualifications clear. Provide relevant experience. The experience section of your profile should outline your professional experience. In addition to naming the companies for which you have worked in the past, highlight the skills and experience you gained (Garriott, 2015). This information is an indicator that you are ready to take responsibility and aspire towards professional growth. Do not worry if the list of past employers is short. This can be because you are young and just beginning your career, or it may be because you stayed a company for a long period of time. The main point is to show that you are diligent and well-motivated. These traits will lead you to success! Its good idea to include key words the recruiter is likely to search for in this part of your resume. In addition, briefly discuss your goals and prospects, as well as your willingness to learn and to face new challenges. Include recommendations. Every first-class resume includes recommendations (Garriott, 2015). Making recommendations in your career area indicates that you are aware of current issues, are widely read in your field, and are eager to make contributions professionally with ideas, time, and effort. Constantly update your profile. No matter how good your profile is, it needs constant updating (Linked in, 2013). Adding new information about your professional experience or an educational course you have recently completed will only gain you more points when considering all the candidates for a suitable position! Attach samples of your work and other important attachments. If you have a portfolio or work samples, you can consider attaching them to your resume (Garriott, 2015). These work samples might make the difference in whether or not you get an interview. Be sure to bring your entire portfolio to the interview, though. The interviewer may want to see more samples. Spending some time on creating your LinkedIn profile and following the suggested guidelines will definitely make your profile more interesting and eye-catching. In turn, this could lead to getting the job of your dreams! Visit our writing service and buy a custom essay which will be written from scratch by experienced academic writers from scratch! Just place your order now.

Diamond theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Diamond theory - Essay Example But heavy sustained investments lead to competitive advantage thru expansion or improved service facilities. Porter argues that a lack of resources often actually helps countries to become competitive. Abundance generates waste while scarcity generates an innovative mindset. Such countries innovate to overcome their problem of scarce resources. Examples: a) Switzerland was the first country to experience labour shortages. They abandoned labour-intensive watches and concentrated on innovative/high-end watches. b) Japan has high priced land and so its factory space is at a premium. This lead to just-in-time inventory techniques (Japanese firms can’t have a lot of stock taking up space, so to cope with the potential of not have goods around when they need it, they innovated traditional inventory techniques). c) Sweden has a short building season and high construction costs. These two things combined created a need for pre-fabricated houses. b. Demand Conditions - Porter argues th at a sophisticated domestic market is an important element to producing competitiveness. Firms that face a sophisticated domestic market are likely to sell superior products because the customers demand higher quality and after sales services and a close proximity to such markets consumers enables the firm to better understand the needs and desires of the customers. If the nation’s discriminating values spread to other countries, then the local firms will have to be competitive in the global market to survive.