Adult Case Study Male Breast Cancer - 3050 Words

Adult Case Study: Male Breast Cancer Carly Regan Loyola University Chicago Introduction Overview When the topic of breast cancer is discussed in conversation, most will think of it as a female diagnosis. While the greatest percentages of patients diagnosed with breast cancer are female, it is still possible that males can be diagnosed. It is a diagnosis that practitioners should always keep in the back of their minds as a differential when a male presents with a breast mass. Although most cases of male breast lesions will be benign, many male breast cancers can be caught too late due to their lack of prevalence. Upon initial diagnosis of breast cancer, approximately 50% of men will already have†¦show more content†¦The American Cancer Society (ACS) states that in 2014 approximately 2,400 new cases of male breast cancer will be diagnosed and around four hundred men will succumb to the disease (American Cancer Society, 2014). Further, the ACS states that the risk of breast cancer increases with age with the average age of diagnosis being sixty-eight (American Cancer Soci ety, 2014). Pathophysiology According to the ACS, there are certain risk factors that can predispose a man to breast cancer, but the cause of most male breast cancers is unknown (American Cancer Society, 2014). On the contrary the National Cancer Institute states that the pathophysiology of male breast cancer is similar to that of females. As with any cancer, there is an alteration in the normal cell structure causing exponential growth and abnormal division. For most male patients presenting to practitioners with a breast lesion, the diagnosis will likely be benign. In the event that the patient may have breast cancer, there are specific risk factors to consider. The family history is an important factor when determining a patient’s risk not only in female breast cancer, but males as well. The BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes work to restore damaged DNA and prevent them from developing atypically. The BRCA2 mutation is a genetic factor that increases this likelihood of

Evaluation Of A Project On Risk Management - 1217 Words

4. Project governance 4.1 Project organization 4.2 Project Governance 4.3 Governance Management Process 11. Risk Management 11.1 Risk management plan A risk is an indefinite event or circumstance that, if or when it does occur it can have a positive or negative effect on the project and its outcome. Risk is an integral part of every project and every project manager should assess risks throughout the phase of the project and develop plans on how to tackle them. The risk management plan comprises of the evaluation of the risks that are likely to occur with both high and low impact, as well as strategies on how to improve them and to help the project avoid being disrupted should any problems arise. All†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Keeping up to date with all political changes and if any upcoming land development laws can disrupt the project. Image 1 - Source Manick (2012) Identified Risks Consequences Measures implemented Subdivision application rejected by council. Low Conditional purchase of the land on the basis council approval is granted. Cost overrun. High Detailed estimate to be carried out during project planning and a $250,000 contingency incorporated. Schedule overrun. Medium Detailed schedule to be carried out during project planning and performance contracts to be implemented with contractors. Failure to sell land lots in allocated time period. Medium Pre-sales activities to secure buyers prior to project development completion. Contactor failing to deliver scope as required. Low To be controlled during procurement of contract agreement. Quality not achieved to standard. Low Pre-qualification checks to be carried prior to contractor engagement. Political dispute Low Issues that could arise due to change in various government regulations or sudden change in the government rules during the duration of the project. Land exploitation Medium Various environmental bodies that may object to certain environment related aspects of the project, which can cause delays or cost. 11.2 Risk management process Steps that are

Essay on To Kill a Mockingbird Chapter 9-15 Questions

Chapter 9: 1. a) Atticus says its a word common people use. It just makes people feel bad and forbids his children from saying it. He said he wouldnt be able to hold his head up in town. Also, he does it to show his children a good example. Lastly, he stuck to his conscience and stood up against the entire town. c) Its about courage, in relevance to his taking of the case. Scout was using vulgarities. Atticus was saying this to Uncle Jack; that shed grow out of it soon. He’s explaining to Jack that children will always ask questions to things they don’t understand and should always answer them. Atticus was talking about Scout; that she may not do whats best all the time but she tries. Atticus doesnt understand the behaviour†¦show more content†¦2.The author gives such a description because she’s trying to show how sick Mrs. Dubose is. This makes me feel really grossed out. 3. Atticus tells Scout that nigger-lover is just one of those terms that dont mean anything – like snot-nose. Its hard to explain – ignorant, trashy people use it when they think somebodys favoring Negroes over and above themselves. Its slipped into usage with some people like ourselves, when they want a common, ugly term to label somebody. I agree with this statement because it just like any other rude term used to describe someone and its only said to make someone feel bad about themselves. 4. He volunteered to defend Tom Robinson, who is accused of raping Mayella Ewell. As one of the few people of Maycomb against racism, he sees it as his duty not only to take it, but to do his best to defend his client. Atticus puts across a strong case to prove that Tom Robinson is not guilty, to which the judge agrees, but the jury, after hours of deliberation, decides to ignore the evidence and charge him as guilty. He tries to instill in his children a sense of dignity and respect for others. Chapter 12: 1. Jem was twelve. He was difficult to live with, inconsistent, moody. His appetite was appalling, and he told me so many times to stop pestering him.. Overnight, it seemed, Jem had acquired an alien set of values and was trying to impose them on me: several times he went so far as to tell me what to do. In additionShow MoreRelatedRacism in To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee Essay866 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird† is marvelous and unforgettable novel. Not only show how dramatic, sad in and old town – Maycomb be like, but through her unique writings, some big conflicts about politics and critical is going on through this tired old Southern town. Not just in general like education, friendship, neighbors but also pacific in individuals like family and the people’s characteristics themselves. In one book yet can covered with such many problems, Harper Lee must have been experienced a lotRead MoreSocratic Seminar Questions Tkam Essay923 Words   |  4 PagesPeriod 6 Nieto Socratic Seminar Questions TKAM 1) Discuss Atticus’s parenting style. What is his relationship to his children like? How does he seek to instill conscience in them? a. Atticus is a wise man, committed to justice and equality, and his parenting style is based on fostering these virtues in his children—he even encourages Jem and Scout to call him â€Å"Atticus† so that they can interact on terms as equal as possible. Throughout the novel, Atticus works to develop Scout’s andRead MoreResponse Paper On Kill A Mockingbird 4156 Words   |  17 PagesRoselyn Sharma Thursday, June 5, 2014 Honors English 10 Summer Work: Response Journal To Kill a Mockingbird Reading Section 1: Chapters 1-3 Issue: Education Active Reader Strategy: Making Predictions Quote: By the way, Scout, you d better not say anything at school about our agreement (31). Response: In the first section of reading, Scout, also known as Jean Louise Finch, lives in the 1930 s during the time of the Great Depression. 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In â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird†, by Harper Lee, the mockingbird symbolizes Boo Radley and Tom Robinson/ They were both more than peaceful people who never did harm, until a man’s inhumanity hurt them or ruined their life. This novel exposes the inhumanity through various scenario’s throughout the telling of Scout’s

Sources of Interpersonal Conflict Essay - 638 Words

Sources of Interpersonal Conflict Everyone does not have the same goals or objections in life. We all have a set of expectations that differs from each others expectation. In a team or group it is already given that there will be some form disagreement. Disagreements can come in such area as roles of group members, task assignments, workloads, meeting scheduling, rules, work flow process and others. For example, at work I am a part of a team that has daily functions that help other teams complete their daily functions. As a member of my team I am responsible for a number of tasks to help my team complete our overall function of the team. We must work together and also individually to help the team perform as one. Within our teams there†¦show more content†¦Intergroup conflict can be a result of these two teams trying to meet there goals. Miscommunication can easily cause conflicts. This is often started because some did not take time to clarify what they were trying to get across to the other member or memb ers of the team. This can be avoided by simply speaking slower in some instances, or actually by saying what we really mean to say. Differences in attitudes, values, and perceptions can be the result of conflict also. With different personalities being present in a group it is easy for personal feelings to come out between when talking to group members. This can then lead to personality clashes. A great example of this is when there a members in a group that may prefer to meet on the weekend for personal reasons and the others preferred to meet during the weekday for their personal reasons. An objection this small but meaning so much to group members can a serious clash. Conflicts such as this can be very unproductive in any situation given. A-E-I-O-U Model Understanding members concerns is huge when trying to resolve conflict. There will be no solutions if the problems are not understood. Wisiniskis A-E-I-O-U model is a way to communicate concerns. A is for you to assume that the other members mean well, E is for you to express your feelings. I is to identify what you would like to happen. O is the outcomes you expect to be made clear. U is for understanding on a mutual basis isShow MoreRelatedPoor Communication as a Source of Interpersonal Conflict1072 Words   |  5 PagesPoor communication is the main frequently cited source of interpersonal conflict. Individuals recently spend about 70 percent of their waking hours communicating by writing, reading, speaking and also listening. This is causing lack of effective communication. Meanwhile, good communication skills are demanding to career success. It is always been show that communication skills among the most like characteristics. 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Emergence of Communicative Language Teaching Free Essays

Discuss the three terms â€Å"Approach†, â€Å"Method† and â€Å"Technique† and describe one Approach which provides the basis for a Method and subsequently some Techniques under that particular Method. APPROACH Theories about the nature of language and language learning Theory of language Structural Functional Interactional METHOD Objectives Organization of Content Syllabus Design Roles 1. Learner2. We will write a custom essay sample on Emergence of Communicative Language Teaching or any similar topic only for you Order Now Teacher3. Materials Types of Interaction Types of activities Content Based TECHNIQUEImplementation of the design Classroom Practice Activities behavior’s In English language teaching process, there are terms that teachers need to know. They are approach, method, and technique. About four decades ago (1963) Edward M. Anthony gave us a definition that has admirably withstood the test of time. According to Edward M. Anthony an approach is a set of correlative assumptions dealing with the nature of the language and the nature of language teaching and learning. In other words the word ‘approach’ in ELT refers to different theories about the nature of language and how languages are learned. Let us move on to our second definition – of method. Method is an overall plan for systematic presentation of language based on selected approach. It consists of a number of techniques, arranged in an order. When we talk about techniques we mean specific activities which take place in a classroom. Using flash cards in the classroom is a technique. Techniques must be consistent with a method, and therefore in harmony with an approach too. According to Longman Dictionary of Applied Linguistics, Approach refers to different theories about the nature of the language and how languages are learned. Method refers to a way of teaching a language based on systematic principles. It is an application of views on how language is taught and learned. Technique refers to what takes place in the classroom. The forthcoming analysis focuses on the behaviourist approach, the audio lingual method and different drilling techniques. The Audio-Lingual Method The Audio-lingual method is a style of teaching used in teaching foreign languages. It is based on behaviorist theory. Behaviourist theory professes that certain traits of living things could be trained through a system of reinforcement. The Audio-lingual method was widely used in the United States and other countries in the 1950’s and 1960’s. The theory underlying Audio-lingual method is that ‘language is primarily speech’. If listening and speaking skills were developed, they would form the foundation for developing reading and writing skills. As learning a language is acquiring a certain set of habits, this method recommends that the teachers of English should take up pronunciation practice, pattern drills and conversation practice in their classroom regularly. Another principle that has become the basis for this method is that all of us have learnt our languages by listening to the language spoken by others and speaking it starting with monosyllabic disyllabic sounds. According to ELT experts a second language can be learnt in this way. The Audio-lingual method is a method that deals with a behaviorist theory that uses stimulus, response, and reinforcement. STIMULUSRESPONSEREINFORCEMENT Here are some psychological foundations of the Audio-lingual method. Foreign language learning is basically a process of mechanical habit formation. Good habits are formed by giving correct responses rather than by mistakes. By memorizing dialogues and performing pattern drills the chances of producing mistakes are minimized. Language is verbal behaviour. Language skills are learned more effectively if they are presented orally first, then in written or printed form. An analogy provides a better foundation for language learning than analysis. Analogy involves the process of generalization and discrimination. Explanation of how language functions under certain rules is not given by the teacher. Students should practice a pattern in different contexts and arrive at the analogy between the first and the second language. The teaching of grammar is best done inductively rather than deductively. The meanings that the words of a language have for the native speaker can be learnt only in a linguistic and cultural context and not in isolation. Teaching a language thus involves teaching aspects of the cultural system of that people who speak the language. Dialogues and drills form the basis of Audio-lingual classroom practices. The use of drills and pattern practice is a distinctive feature of the Audio-lingual method. Various kinds of drills are used. Types of Oral Drills Repetition: where the student repeats an utterance as soon as he hears it Teacher: This is the seventh month. Student: This is the seventh month Inflection: Where one word in a sentence appears in another form when repeated Teacher: I ate the sandwich. Student: I ate the sandwiches. Replacement: Where one word is replaced by another Teacher: He bought the car for half-price. Student: He bought it for half-price. Restatement: The student re-phrases an utterance Teacher: Tell me not to smoke so often. Student: Don’t smoke so often! Completion: where the student repeats the utterance in completed form. Techer: I’ll go my way and you go. Student: I’ll go my way and you go yours. Instruction materials in the Audio-lingual method assist the teacher to develop language mastery in the learner. †¢Tape recorders †¢Audiovisual equipments †¢Language laboratory In the late 1950s, the theoretical underpinnings of the method were questioned by linguists such as Noam Chomsky, who pointed out the limitations of structural linguistics. Despite being discredited as an effective teaching methodology in 1970, audio-lingualism continues to be used today. REFERENCES ?Richard. C. Jack and Rodgers. S. Theodore. 2003. Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching . The Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge. ?Rao Venugopal, K. 2002. Methods of Teaching English. Neelkamal Publications. pvt. ltd ? Allen, B. Teaching English as a Second Language. 1965. ?http//www. mindmeister. com ?http://en. Wikipedia. Org/wiki/audio-lingual-method How to cite Emergence of Communicative Language Teaching, Essay examples

Examining Swiss Style Typography Art Essay Example For Students

Examining Swiss Style Typography Art Essay What is it a good graphic design? Good in writing design or typography is like a gustatory sensation. Hallmark of the gustatory sensation rests in sensitiveness, from feelings. Every 1 has a different gustatory sensation, but it is indispensable for everyone. Graphic design works on an equal footing. We are non born with the right gustatory sensation every bit good as there are no born Masterss of in writing design. All of them have to be every of them self educated. Perfect in writing consist of many elements, as a consequence of harmoniousness. This magazine traces the growing of the good in writing design. It depicts non merely the growing, but besides a interior decorators who formed the manner, the people and thoughts that influenced them and the undermentioned coevalss who were attracted to Swiss in writing design. This imperfect, extremist motion Swiss manner besides known as an International manner, was originated in Switzerland in the 1920s. This manner became celebrated because of really gifted Swiss graphic interior decorators. It emerged from Russian s Constructivism, Germany s De Stijl and Dadaism. The International Typographic Style, or Swiss Style, refers to the in writing design motion that evolved in Switzerland during the 1950s. Stressing lucidity of information, the International Style propagated an aesthetic of nonsubjective picture taking in topographic point of illustration ; asymmetrical agreement of elements on a modular grid system ; sans-serif typography such as Akzidenz Grotesk ; and blush left, ragged right constellation of text. Admired for its simple, clean, factual, and extremely structured attack to forming and showing information. The magazine is divided into three parts. Part One shows the beginnings of the Swiss manner, general information about the manner, political and societal influences. The undermentioned portion represents the cardinal figures in this motion and the New typography.6 Swiss manner Tschichold, J. ( 1930 ) Fototek fig.2 beginnings of the Swiss style7 Swiss manner In the station war period, modern design began more important with development of industrialised society. Switzerland bacame an appropriate site for growing of an International manner, by agencies of the state s place in the Centre of Europe and its political neutrality. However, Swiss manner started to turn in after the First World War in Europe. Henry van de Velde ( 1863 1957 ) was a celebrated Belgian designer and interior decorator. He was besides one of the most successful and of import practicians of the Art Nouveau manner. He was known as the first Art Nouveau creative person to work in an abstract manner and developed the construct of the brotherhood of signifier and map. His thought was to convey art to industry. Van de Velde was the chief in writing interior decorator who influenced immature Swiss interior decorators. He was one of the laminitiss of the cosmetic humanistic disciplines school of Weimar. This school was subsequently called the Bauhaus . In 1907 he designed the new edifice of The School of Arts and Crafts and became the first manager of this school. Among the instructors there were Russian, Wassily Kandinsky, Swiss Paul Klee and Johannes Itten. Young Swiss in writing interior decorators attracted the school and many of them studied at the Bauhaus. The influence from the Bauhaus was evident in Max Bill ( 1908 1994 ) and Theo Ballmer ( 1902 1965 ) works. Max Bill, a painter belonging to the Concrete Art motion in Z rich applied mathematical systems for the organisation of infinite to his in writing design work. Another manner which had an consequence for the growing of an International manner was Constructivism. Constructivism art refers to the optimistic, non-representational alleviation building, sculpture, dynamicss and picture. The creative persons did non believe in abstract thoughts, instead they tried to associate art with concrete and touchable thoughts. Constructivist art is committed to finish abstraction with a devotedness to modernness, where subjects are frequently geometric, experimental and seldom emotional. El Lissitzky ( 1890 1941 ) was the chief represetatives of Russian Constructivism. He brought a New Typography and photomontage to Switzerland. Lissitzky attended to the cardinal trans mutation of perceptual experience of literature. From acoustic percept of the past became seeable words. Optical character of the new typography was defined in his book from 1923. His work greatly influenced the Swiss manner. Not merely Wassily Kandinsky and Paul Klle who were instructors at Bauhaus, but besides L szl Moholo Nagy ( 1895 1946 ) had noteworthy place at that place. He had similar ocular construct as Lissitzky. He was oriented in interaction of picture taking and text. Moholo Nagy perceived picture taking like an nonsubjective representation which can deliver obscurdity of words. He brought typography to inquiry, he defined a new radical thought typofoto combination of typography and photographic images.It is an nonsubjective signifier of representation based at princip of communicating. Both of these motions influenced a new waies of art and development of in writing design. A book of modern in writing design Gefesselter Blick ( Captured Glance ) was published in Stuttgard in 1930. It was Sponzored by the Swiss Werkbund s Advertising Designers Circle. Design from 1920s publications were displayed in the book.. The book was edited by designers Heinz Rasch and Bodo Rasch. They rounded up a work of 20 six creative persons of the avant garde. Most of them were Germans ( Werner Graef ) , three Swiss ( Otto Baumberger, Max Bill and Walter Cylian ) , two Dutch ( Paul Schutema, Piet Zwart ) , Russian ( El Lissitzky ) , and Czech ( Karel Teige ) . Even though, the Swiss were influenced by many manners, their ain manner became unique.Gefesselter Blick displays the beginnings and growing of the Swiss manner. 8 Swiss manner Vivarelli, C. ( 1949 ) Fur Das Alter fig.39 Swiss manner interior decorators In the first portion of the magazine we introduced the beginnings and jobs of the Swiss manner in Graphic design. In this portion we will advert the chief creative persons, interior decorators and propagonists of this motion. Ernst Keller ( 1931 2006 ) the male parent of Swiss design, was a in writing interior decorator, creative person and instructor. From 1918 and for four decennaries forth Keller taught a professional class in in writing design at the Kunstgewerbeschule Z rich ( The Zurich School of Design ) rejecting the impression of manner in favour of design solutions derived from content. Keller was the most of import individual influence on the development of Swiss in writing design. The economically drawn images and imaginative inscription of his postings designed in fig.4 9 Swiss style10 Swiss manner Matter, H. ( 1934 ) Switzerland: Winter Holidays Double Holidays fig.511 Swiss manner the 1920s and early 1930s made an of import part to Modernism. He mentored Armin Hofmann ( fig. 1 ) , Emil Ruder, and Joseph-Muller Brockman, all of whom were of import figures in what became the International Typographic Style. Significance of the International Typographic Style has been below the belt reduced to the aesthetic penchants evident in the results of work by interior decorators identified with the motion. To acknowledge its substance one needs to analyze the particulars of its beginning rooted in the course of study developed at the Basel School of Design. One of the of import figures of beginnings of the Swiss manner was besides Theo Ballmer ( 1902 1965 ) . He was a interior decorator, lensman and instructor. Ballmer studied at Bauhaus and at Kunstgewerbeschule in Zurich. He is known for his political postings and exhibitions, utilizing merely simple images and lettering ( fig. 4 ) . Otto Baumberger ( 1889 1961 ) was one of the first Swiss who can be right described as a posting interior decorator. He designed more than two 100 postings, which helped to overhaul the manner. In its assortment, Baumberger s work embodies and exemplifies the history of Swiss posting art in the first half of the 20th century, as the painterly creative person posting bit by bit evolved toward diagrammatically oriented corporate design. Max Bill was another Swiss in writing creative person, industrial interior decorator, designer, sculpturer, and painter, chiefly of import for his sophisticated, disciplined advertisement designs. He studied at the Bauhaus until late 1920 s when he moved to Zurich where he became a instructor and premier member of the Allianz group of in writing interior decorators. Max Bill belonging to the Concrete Art motion in Z rich applied mathematical systems for the organisation of infinite to his in writing design work. Herbert Matter was a innovator in the usage of photomontage. His gifted usage of type earned him great international acclaim ( fig.5 ) . After working for the Swiss National Tourist Office and Swiss resorts he moved to the United States in 1936 and started learning Photography at Yale University in 1952.12 Swiss manner was a prima German in writing interior decorator who besides exerted a strong influence on the Swiss school. fig.6 Johannes Tzschichhold ( Jan Tschichold ) was born as a boy of a Leipzig lettering creative person and mark pressman Franz Tzschichhold and his married woman Maria Zapff, in April 1902. His male parent s profession gave him an early debut to the many signifiers of written books. Young Tschichold frequently helped his male parent and besides attended a printing museum in the Buchgewerbehaus ( Book Industry Building ) which were in the town. Consequently he had cognitions of typography from early age. Despite of his parents thoughts, to hold their boy a professional art instructor, he decided to be educated as a lettering creative person. While he studied ( from 1919 to 1921 ) with Walter Tiemann, manager of the Staatliche Akademie pelt graphische Kunste und Buchgewerbe ( Academy for Graphic Arts and Book production ) , he besides attended classs in printmaking and bookbinding. Tschichold supported his instruction of the books of Edward Johnston ( Calligraphy, Ornamental Script and Appl ied Script ) and Rudolf von Larisch ( Study in Ornamental Writing ) and created a figure of calligraphic Hagiographas. Before go forthing for Bauhas from 1921 to 1923 he worked in Leipzig as an helper in learning classs of penmanship at the Academy. In 1923 he became a free-lance interior decorator in Leipzig. In the same twelvemonth he visited Bauhaus exhibition and influenced by the modern creative persons and interior decorators Wassily Kandinsky ( 1866 1944 ) and L szl Moholo Nagy, he started to propagate a new ocular thought. It was an inversion in his existent life. Soon, he was besides introduced to the work of the Dutch graphic interior decorator Piet Zwart 13 Swiss manner Exhibition posting, 1937 While acquiring acquainted with work we can fall into flood of varied geometrics and simple effects. This posting looks like an perfectly pure illustration of New Typography. The design is simple and arithmetical. fig.714 Swiss manner fig.8 Tschichold, J. ( 1927 ) Napoleon 15 Swiss manner ( 1885 1977 ) , and the Russian constructivists El Lisstzky. He worked with an assymetric composing, geometric forms, the usage of picture taking alternatively of illustrations and sans serif fonts ( fig. 11 ) . In the visible radiation of my cognition, it was a juvenile sentiment to see the sans serif as the most suited or even the most modern-day font. Jan Tschichold ( Jong, Purvis, Le Coultre, Doubleday and Reichardt, 2008: 19 ) Tschichold was so impressed by Soviet constructivism and Russian Revolution, that he changed his name to Iwan ( or Ivan ) Tschichold in 1923. Tschichold became an of import figure in the new motion known as the New Typography. A first dramatic publication of these positions, Elementare typographie ( Elementary Typography ) , appeared in a particular October 1925 issue of the German magazine Typographische Mitteilungen ( Typographic News ) . This was a sort of typographic manifest and caused an tumult in the universe of design. In the book Tschichold described the new thoughts on typographic design. Artists and interior decorators had assorted sentiment at the publication. Lissitzky was delighted at the beautiful booklet. The book was received good at the Bauhaus, but the German constructivis reacted critically. Nevertheless, the book had an impact on the hereafter design. The 2nd book fig.9 Tschichold, J. ( 1927 ) Napoleon 1. The intent of the New Typography is functionality. 2. The intent of any typography is communicating ( the agency of which are visualized ) .This communicating has to look in the shortest, simplest and most compelling signifier. 3. For typography to function societal intents, the interior signifier of the material employed must set up the content whereas the outer signifier must set up a relantionship between the different typographic agencies. 4. Inner organisation means utilizing as few basic components as possible ; fonts, Numberss, marks, cubic decimeter ines from the type instances, and the typessetter. In the modern universe focused on optics, the precise image, i.e. picture taking, must be considered as a basic component of the New Typography. ( Jong, Purvis, Le Coultre, Doubleday and Reichardt, 2008: 39 ) 16 Swiss manner was the most of import, Die neue Typographie ( The New Typography ) was published in 1928. This book explained the map and communicating of the New Typography. The book was used as a enchiridion for pressmans and publishing houses and even at the Bauhaus. In a little A5 format he described a modern typography in a short essay. Tschichold inspired by the functional finding of Bauhaus, formulated the rudimentss of the modern ocular communicating in which aesthetics of modern abstract art were combined together with demands for discernability, simpleness and capable information. His manifest the New Typography reflected the dynamism of life clip, penchants of preciseness and lucidity of sensatial ocular. He preferred nonsubjective resources as the sans serif and geometric font ( Grotesk ) , assymetric composing and whitespace. His book was widely read and extremely influential as a major measure in modern ideals. The book became the Bible of every immature compositor. Public Relations Contigenct Th EssayM ller Brockmann s masterminds grew in and through the old ages he became a modernist. For the Zurich Concert Hall posters he used all small letter for the text and geometric abstract signifiers alternatively of the illustrations. Beethoven posting ( fig.26 ) for the Zurich Tonhalle represents the prototype of the Swiss manner: curves and dissymmetry. By the fiftiess, he was established as the taking practician and theoretician of the Swiss Style, which sought a cosmopolitan in writing look through a grid-based design purged of immaterial illustration and subjective feeling. His Musica oral ( fig. 20, 27 ) posting series for the Zurich Tonhalle drew on the linguistic communication of Constructivism to make a ocular correlate to the structural harmoniousnesss of the music. In 1960 M ller Brockmann designed a typographic posting for exhibition at the Zurich Kunstgewerbemuseum, der Film ( fig. 28 ) . It is perharps one of his most famed designs. The posting type and infinite communicate in an imaginative and original mode. Brockmann is the writer of grid sys The grid system is used by compositor, in writing interior decorator, lensman and exhi bition interior decorator for work outing ocular jobs in two and three dimensions. ( Brockmann, 2001: 13 ) 34 Swiss manner One of import portion of the Swiss Style is its singular usage of picture taking. Following the modernist thoughts in which picture taking was a much better tool to portray world than drawings and illustrations, the Neue grafik magazine, a really of import Swiss in writing design publication at the clip, dedicated a large portion of its content to photography and its application in design. M ller Brockmann, J. ( 1958 ) The household of Man fig.26 35 Swiss manner M ller Brockmann, J. ( 1958 ) Zurich Tonhalle, Musica viva fig.2736 Swiss manner fig.2837 Swiss manner tem. The grid system allowed him to form his capable affair to make more effectual design, non to be overwhelmed by the seeming pandemonium and complexness of design determinations. The predecessor of this system was Piet Mondrian, the grid is frequently recognized in his pictures. His composings are composed of horizontal and perpendicular lines and rectangular planes. Harmonizing to M ller Brockmann the grid system is about construction and mathematical thought. This is the look of a professional ethos: the interior decorator s work should hold the clearly apprehensible, nonsubjective, functional and aesthetics quality of mathematical thought. ( Brockmann, 2001: 10 ) M ller Brockmann was a professor of in writing design at the Kunstgewerbeschule, Zurich from 1957 to 1960. Subsequently he was a design adviser to IBM Europe from 1967 1988. He published assorted books about his work and won a batch of awards. He is the writer of The Graphic Artist and his Design Problems ( 1961 ) , History of Visual Communication ( 1981 ) or A History of the Poster. He besides founded the Muller-Brockmann A ; Co advertisement bureau in 1967, enduring until 1984. Josef M ller Brockmann died in Zurich, August 30, 1996. M ller Brockmann, J. ( 1962 ) Volg Traunbensaft fig.2938 Swiss manner the new typography fig.30 akzidenz grotesk The New Typography came approximately as a reaction to the communicating creed of Modernism which called for designs to be dateless minimum and geometric. The first rules of the New Typography appeared in Merz magazine in 1923. El Lissitzky promoted at that place more dynamic typography. In his work El Lissitzky pioneered a new attack to typographic art which had a immense impact upon in writing design. Lasl Moholo Nagy supported in add-on typophoto, phototext excessively. At the same clip as typophoto, Moholo Nagy introduced the thought of the exposure non merely as illustration but, instead, as phototext, replacing words, as an unambiguous signifier of representation, which in its objectiveness ( Sachlichkeit ) leaves no room for personal inadvertent reading. ( Hollis, 2006: 40 ) In both Lissitzky and Laszlo Moholy-Nagy we see emphasis placed upon the component of look the look of content through signifier. In contrast, Jan Tschichold was more concerned with order and organisation. He used sans serif type, asymmetric composings, the benefits of white infinite and the modification of fonts. Tschichold in his book, earlier mentioned, Die neue Typographie ( The New Typography ) formulated the rudimentss of these regulations and modern ocular communicating, influenced by functional tendency of Bauhaus. Many of these rules of the New Typography are explained in this book. He introduced a theoretical expression at typography devoid of concerns for publishing practicality. These rules were besides presented at the exhibitions in Switzerland, where it came to subconsciousness of audience. It was Tschichold who acted as a usher to a typographic practise which followed the demand for a new integrity of art and engineering. ( Hollis, 2006: 38 ) Tschichold advertised in his book a new sans-serif font as Akzidenz Grotesk ( now known as Helvetica ) . Tschichold reiterates that lucidity is the highest end and Akzidenz Grotesk has this lucidity. This font became the 39 Swiss manner most common for the New Typography and subsequently for Swiss in writing design and the International Style. In fact, when Jan Tschichold wrote Die neue Typographie, he ignored any usage of non sans-serif fonts. With this doctrine, in writing interior decorators were taking the lucidity, simpleness and catholicity. The Swiss Style advocates that the font does non hold to be expressive in itself, it must be an unnoticeable instrument of look. Helvetica was created in 1953 by Miedinger with Eduard Hoffmann at the Haas sche Schriftgiesserei ( Haas type foundry ) of M nchenstein, Switzerland. Haas designed a new sans-serif font that could vie with Akzidenz Grotesk in the Swiss market. Originally called Neue Haas Grotesk, the font s name was changed by Haas German parent company Stempel in 1960 to Helvetica derived from Confederatio Helvetica, the Latin name for Switzerland in order to do it more marketable internationally. Helvetica became the most widely used sans-serif fonts of all time. Akzidenz Grotesk was performed by Max Bill and Josef M ller Brockmann throughout their callings. Interior designer Paul Renner, while planing his font Futura, relied to a great extent on precise drafting tools such as the compass, T-square and the trigon. This allowed Renner to get away the traditional methods of type design in favour of the rigidness of mechanical buildings. Geometrical Futura was the following popular pick for in writing interior decorators. The Swiss compositor Adrian Frutiger was one of the most outstanding font interior decorators of all time chiefly because of his celebrated font Univers. He studied penmanship at the Z rich Kunstgewerbeschule. His involvement in sculpture helped build his manner as a font interior decorator. Frutiger created rather an extended aggregation of font households, but Univers font was functional and logical, appropriate for the Swiss manner. This font was created as a response to Futura. Frutiger disliked the signifier of Futura and therefore created Univers as a rival. The fount is based on the face of Akzidenz Grotesk. Univers household was one of the first fonts to give such a broad scope of options to interior decorators. Jan Tschcichold designed a batch of fonts, but Sabon was the most of import. It was the first font that was produced with uniform signifiers for the Linotype, monotype and manus setting.Sabon was Tschichold s most of import font creative activity. There were originally three weights: normal, italic and semibold. Linotype expanded the Sabon household in 1984 by adding a cursive semibold weight. Swiss graphic interior decorators used different font-size as a tool for readability and impact. Different font-sizes generate ocular impact. Posters by interior decorators such as Theo Ballmer depended on the effectivnes of the lettering entirely to pull the oculus and convey the message. For several old ages the New Typography followed the old in utilizing capital letters for rubrics. But from 1925 they started to utilize lone small letter alphabet, it was easier to larn and to read. It took less infinite, and was more economical typesetting was easier.40 Swiss manner Ongaro, J, . ( 1959 ) Helvetia Accidents fig.3141 Swiss manner international manner The International Typographic Style of the 1950s is mostly the consequence of work and instruction at the Kunstgewerbeschule Basel. Pioneer s of the Swiss manner as Jan Tschichold, or Josef M ller Brockmann who produced their work in Basel extended this manner through the universe. The Swiss manner became International due to these interior decorators. M ller Brockmann produced his work in New York in 1953. Consequently the Swiss in writing design influenced the American compositors and interior decorators as Alvin Lustig ( 1915 1955 ) , or Saul Bass ( 1920 1996 ) . In the station war period the United States became the 2nd site for development of geometric manner. Americans were excited by this Swiss geometrical theoretical account. Around 1970s, going widely used in American corporate design in order to leave communicative lucidity. American Armin Hoffman ( fig.1 ) continued for many old ages to show the academic facet of Swiss in writing civilization at Yale. The Swiss manner was rapidly extended even around the universe, in England, Germany, or Netherlands. In the United Kingdom the International Style compositor and in writing interior decorator Stanley Morison ( 1889 1967 ) was adopted. This manner in art, architecture and civilization became the International manner after 1950 s and it was produced by creative persons all around the Earth. Eskilson ( 2007: 300 ) insist that The rise of the International Style straight paralells the development of corporate individuality, the procedure whereby in writing interior decorators created Sons and other devices that established a set ocular subject for a company. The development of International manner was introduced at the Museum of Modern Art.42 Swiss manner decision fig.32 I consider the work of the Swiss in writing interior decorators as a unique in footings of the in writing design. Despite of the assortment of influences, and committees the work of the Swiss graphic interior decorators is consistent in inquiry of attack in entries. The scope of illustrations used throughout this magazine has provided great insight into many of the rules of the Swiss in writing design. The chief rule of the Swiss manner is New typography and grid system. The grid system is a stiff model that is supposed to assist in writing interior decorators in the meaningful, logical and consistent organisation of information on a page. Josef M ller Brockmann foremost presented these thoughts in the book of Grid Systems in Graphic design, he helped distribute the cognition about the grids through the universe. Nowadays grid systems are an constituted tool that is frequently used by print and web interior decorators to make well-structured and balanced designs. The work of the Swis s interior decorators consists of acute attending to detail, preciseness, trade accomplishments, clear typography, system of instruction and proficient preparation, a high criterion of printing every bit good as a clear refined and imaginative inscription. The Swiss design does non merely intend the values in relation to art and creativeness, but more of its rules sing to the audience and society. Accodring to M ller Brockmann Every ocular work is a manifestation of the character of the interior decorator. It is a contemplation of his cognition, his ability, and his outlook. ( 2001: 10 ) This magazine evaluates the feature of Swiss manner, characters of the interior decorators and focal points on the developments of rules and signifiers of this manner. Characteristic of this design integrates into a functional design, which consequences in the accent speech pattern of consecutive communicating. Swiss in writing interior decorators tried to take the primary construct by the simpliest manner. It depended on the in writing public presentation: complicated construct complicated signifier, simple construct simple signifier. In this regard Swiss graphic interior decorators seem to be minimalists, but their work is wholly sophisticated. All of the elements that they used have the right topographic point. Is the Swiss in writing design good? In my sentiment, all of the rules and ocular elements of the Swiss manner are in harmoniousness. The Swiss manner has a good gustatory sensation chiefly in pursue for simpleness the beauty in the underscores of a intent, non beauty as a intent in itself. And this sort of good in writing design Swiss manner is a a consequence of harmoniousness between all of its elements. My feelings from this manner are composure and lucidity, because I can experience the harmoniousness. The Swiss in writing design influenced me in visible radiation of manner to show the sence through simpleness. I like the development of this manner and besides the development of single interior decorators. Tschichold s studies, strong geometric forms, uncommon coloring material combinations and text uses inspired me every bit good as M ller Brockmann s? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? grid system, good designed construction, simpleness, picture taking and usage of white infinite. This minimum design is about taking the unneeded and stressing the necessary, it is about a functional and simple usage of cardinal elements of manner for the intent of the creative persons aims. This alone manner and in writing interior decorators helped me to determine my ain in writing manner. 43 Swiss manner M ller Brockmann, J. ( 1955 ) Zurich Tonhalle fig.3344 Swiss manner M ller Brockmann, J. ( 1957 ) Zurich Tonhalle, June Festival fig.3445 Swiss manner

Cultural Diversity in an Organisation

Question: This assessment task requires that you synthesise your understanding of organisational culture and leadership with your theoretical and practical knowledge of OB in Australian organisations. The focus of this activity is to determine how the practice of OB must be redesigned and realigned in multiethnic/multicultural contexts to ensure cultural appropriateness and to achieve organisational effectiveness. Answer: Introduction Australia has the population of about twenty-three million. It is known for its one of most linguistically and culturally diversified workforce. Although, the maximum Australian population is its native since birth, according to census 2011, seventy-five percent of Australians were found with an ancestry other than Australian (Allen-Meares, 2007). When there is a difference of race, language, ethnicity, religion, sexual, orientation, and nationality within a community, it is said to be cultural diversity. When people from different culture join an organisation, along with their talent and skills they also bring their values, and beliefs with them. With such a diverse cultural population the organisational cultural diversity is also very high in Australia. It is the duty of the leader to manage the diversity of cultures and beliefs in an organisation. Cultural diversity has multiple dimensions which play more or less important role in different operations and relationship of a business. These multiple dimensions are gender, culture, sexual orientation, language, family status, geographic location, communication style, ethics, and physical and mental abilities. In this essay, the identification and critical evaluation of a leaders role will be done in the case of challenges of communication, ethical issues, and the leadership style which will be required to handle the cultural diversity in an organisation (Argyropoulos, Polikreti, Simon, Charalambous, 2011). How leader handles the cultural diversity in an organisation? Communication Barriers The mindset of culturally different people are different even their language, symbols, and signs are also different which makes communication difficult. Every culture has different meaning for behaviour, gestures, and words, and it also gives rise to ethnocentrism, prejudices, opinions, and manners. In an organisation people of the different culture has to work together. As Australia has such a diversified culture the organisational leaders face a lot of issues in communication with the employees and also with the people they work outside the organisation (Ayoko Hrtel, 2006). The factors that can act as barriers to communication are:- Language Barrier- people who speak the same language, it is so common to have a misunderstanding in between them, so people from different cultures and linguistic backgrounds facing communication issues doesnt come as a surprise. Mispronunciation, or same word but different meaning in two different languages, lack of specificity can create misunderstanding between two people. In an organisation it is very necessary for the employee to clearly understand the instructions given to them or they will not be fulfilling their work as per the requirements (Boulden, 2006). Behaviour- the use of body language and other behavioural gestures can also cause miscommunication. For example in some cultures making an eye contact is taken as disrespect, whereas in some cultures if an eye contact is not made than the person speaking will take the listener uninterested or distracted. Like a given example there are many gestures and behavioural signs that can create a hindrance for an effective communication. These includes the use of nod of the head for indicating agreement or understanding, facial expressions, and the space given to an individual while having a conversation (Bowden Doughney, 2009). Stereotypes- there are people who prefer to have prior assumptions about the characteristics of people belonging to a particular community or culture. There negative and hostile thinking act as a barrier for effective communication in a workplace. There are cultures that share some common set of characteristics, but that cannot be assumed to be the case in every culture. Stereotyping can take place due to many things like race, religion, nationality, gender, age, ethnicity, etc. Ethnocentrism- the tendency to judge people according to values and standards set by ones own group is known as Ethnocentrism. These views can act as a communication barrier and also affect an employees morale and productivity. For example, in some culture coming directly to the point of work is acceptable and taken as efficiency, whereas in some culture it may be taken as a rude behaviour. Ethnocentrism encourages hostility and affects the understanding of message (Coleman, 2012). Cultural Barriers- different cultures have diversified set of values, behaviour, decorum, facial expression, business ethics, and gesture. If these various difference are not taken into consideration than it may act as a communication barrier. It is necessary for the leaders to pay genuine respect to others cultures and beliefs while communicating. Presentation Style- every culture prefers to receive information as according to their cultures and beliefs. A leader should take note of this and deal with his employees accordingly. Employees will be more productive and morally boost up if instructed in their own preferential style (Comber, 2013). Religion- religious views of people influence their thinking about others. This creates the difference in opinion which acts as a communication barrier. Religion also disrupts communication as ethnocentrism and stereotyping, as it creates an image about people those who follow other religions. Encoding- Encoding means the production of the message need to deliver to a receiver. While creating the encoded message the sender need to understand the comprehensibility of the receiver. The encoded message uses verbal and non-verbal symbols which have to be according to the understanding of the receiver. If not encoded properly then the purpose of the message may get distorted, and the receiver may take the meaning of it otherwise and the whole communication process may fail (Davies, 2005). Decoding- the interpretation and understanding of the message received by the receiver are known as decoding. The communication process is only successful if the message received is decoded and interpreted in the intended way. But, there is always a possibility that the message get decoded in a completely different way as the receiver are generally influenced by their cultures and beliefs and their interpretation of the verbal, and no-verbal codes may be different from what the sender want to send. It acts as a communication barrier as the process of the communication fails when the message doesnt get decoded as intended (Edwards, Othman, Burn, 2015). In Australia, there are a number of cultures living and working together in the present times, but this was not the scenario before. People in Australia are very particular about following their own cultures and beliefs which make it difficult for a manager to take in consideration cultures and beliefs of every employee and then work out his instructions. A leader faces many challenges while communicating with his employees. An effective leader has the quality to approach each of his employees in a way that the message transferred to the employee, is received by him in the same way as intended by the leader. This will result in higher productivity and the moral boost of the employee. To make an effective communication it is necessary for the leader of an organisation to eliminate the causes of cultural communication barriers as much as possible. The understanding of cross culture must be increased as it helps in decreasing the communication barriers which may be caused by cultural di fferences in an organisation (Engstrm Stehn, 2016). Ethical Issues Now-a-days almost all the organisations in Australia are embracing cultural diversity initiatives with an aim creating a broad workplace environment. Most surveyors and analysts agree on the aspiration worthiness of the diversified workforce in an organisation. However, the workforce cultural diversity can lead to ethical issues which can prove to be a challenging issue for managers and employees to handle. Few ethical issues faced by the leaders of an organisation due to culturally diversified workforce are as follows:- Religious Difference- culturally diversified individuals working in an organisation along with their talent and skills bring their religious beliefs also. At times, the religious beliefs of an employee may clash with the diversity policies of an organisation. For example, an organisation with diversified policies welcomes employees, customers, and vendors of different sexual orientation. However, this diversified policy may pose an ethical dilemma for an employee whose religious beliefs only accept heterosexuality as sexual orientation. An efficient leader is always prepared for these kinds of issues, and he should act on it and clarify that, different people have different personal beliefs, but when it comes to a workplace, they should learn to respect others beliefs also (Forrest Dunn, 2013). Gender Issues- Australian government is working hard to reduce gender issues that are in the cultural beliefs of many communities, residing in Australia. Due to the cultural belief of people that women are subordinate to men, giving same opportunities of promotion to women can turn into an ethical issue in an organisation. Male and female belonging to such community may find it difficult to work in an environment where women handle a top executive position and men has to report to a woman regarding their job. In some communities social interaction between men and women is also taken as the offense and not accepted according to their cultural beliefs. It is really difficult for a management to handle these cultural sensitivities as it may hurt peoples personal beliefs. It is necessary to handle these cultural sensitivities by the management without mishandling any anti-discrimination laws, or it may affect the effectiveness of diversity initiative of an organisation (Grobler, 2006). Hiring decisions- to fulfil the diversity initiative it is important for the organisation to hire a culturally diversified pool of workforce. For this mangers need to generate an interest amongst the diverse groups by posting advertisements of open positions with the network of employee diversity or in a non-traditional publication. While hiring management must make sure that hiring is done by persons qualifications, experiences, capabilities, and skills, regardless of his or her gender, race, national origin, or age. Following diversity values while making hiring decisions can create tension between equal employment opportunity guidelines and an organisations goal of diversity (Ilkilic Paul, 2008). Business Practices- insisting employees in following the ethical business practices may create cultural conflicts in an organisation. To expedite approval of requests like variance and permit application, government agents of some cultures may expect organisations to provide an incentive payment. However, this payment can be viewed as bribes by the government officials, which are prohibited and restricted by federal anticorruption laws. Criminal culpability and civil fines can be triggered if these laws get violated. Anti-bribery training should be provided to the employees by the organisation to clarify the handling of such contribution requests so that all the employees of different cultures may understand which behaviour is acceptable and unacceptable under the law (Leveson, Joiner, Bakalis, 2009). An example showing the failure of ethical leadership is the 7-Eleven Australian franchised stores. They were found systematically rooting wages and exploiting their employees. An investigation was conducted, and it uncovered the facts that the staff at 7-eleven was forced to work long-hours and were underpaid. Employees who were maximum students were threatened by the management regarding breaking their visa rules and were stopped from complaining to Fair Work Australia. Evidence proves that this unethical practice was going on from about last six years. The lesson to be learned by all the leaders by this example is that such system operations are not ethical which cannot run profitably by following the laws. Whatever a management tries to hide its hideous work but they cannot hide it from their failure of ethics (Lim Zhong, 2006). Optimal mix of Leadership Styles Being a culturally diversified country the workforce of the organisations is also culturally diversified. Diversity is a double-edged sword for an organisation because it is certainly beneficial for an organisation if properly managed, whereas if not managed properly it may prove to be harmful for the organisation as it may cause employee dissatisfaction, increased turnovers, ethical issues, and communication barriers. Hence, it is important for management to follow a leadership style that will help in encouraging a culturally diversified team of employees. Leadership style can be individual oriented, autocratic, directive, top-down, democratic, or authoritarian. Keeping in mind the cultural diversification of Australian workforce the leadership style selected for the organisation should have an optimal mix of various important factors of leadership style that suit best to the organisations operations and should be flexible enough to able to handle the cultural diversity of the work force (Markus, 2014). The various types of leadership styles are as follows: - Transformational Theory A process of leadership where leaders and their employees help each other in raising each others level of morality and motivation is known as transformational leadership. A leader who is a model of integrity and fairness has a clear set of goals, expect high from his employees, encourages others, provides recognition and support, make people look beyond themselves, and make people reach for the improbable is known to be following transformational leadership style (McLean, 2011). For being a transformational leader has to follow few steps and they are as follows:- Create an inspiring vision- it is necessary for the leaders to have a clear vision of future as his team is going to follow his instructions and for communicating the instructions effectively, leaders should also be clear with their vision of goals and objectives. Motivate employees to buy into and deliver the vision a leader should be able to sell his vision to his employees so that they follow his lead effectively. This could be done by inspiring employees with their own values to deliver their best to achieve the organisations goal (McLean, 2011). Manage Delivery of the Vision- a vision is of no use if it does not turned into a reality. There are many leaders who have a vision but they fail to deliver it in reality. For delivering the vision, it is necessary for the leader to have an effective communication with its employees and make them understand their roles and responsibilities which they are supposed to fulfil to achieve the goals. The building of strong, trust-based relationship with employees- leadership a long-term process, it is necessary for the leaders to build trust and stronger relationship this will help the employees to understand their leaders better, and leaders can help their employees to grow as an individual. The leader has to work as a coach for his employees it will not only help in gaining the organisations goal but also gain the trust and self-confidence of employees (Morrison, 2007). The Path-Goal Theory of Leadership The theory of leadership developed to describe the leaders way to encourage and support their team with the aim of achieving goals set by the organisation by making the path clear and easy to achieve is known as path-goal theory of leadership. The works leaders do in the path-goal theory are as follows: - Making a clear path for subordinates to follow Help in removing roadblocks or hindrances form their way Giving rewards along the path Leaders approach can be limited or strong in this theory. While clarifying the path, a leader can give clear direction or may be vague hints. Roadblocks may be removed by the leaders or he or she may help the employees to remove them. Encouragement with help of rewards can be given to the employees. All these decision regarding the leaders approach depends on the circumstances and the capabilities and motivation of the team members. Also the difficulty of the task and other factors also matters (Message, 2005). Path-Goal Theory can be divided into four parts and they are:- Supportive leadership- under this leadership the leader help in increasing the team members self-esteem and making the task interesting. Directive Leadership- giving directions to the followers about what is needed to be done and giving guidance throughout the way to achieve success. Participative Leadership- taking under consideration the suggestion of team members to reach the objective aimed. Achievement-Oriented Leadership- leaders set challenging goals for team members to achieve and reward them for succeeding those (Mukherjee Pyne, 2016). Conclusion Australia is one of the worlds most culturally diversified countries. Running an organisation efficiently with such a diversified workforce is really very difficult for the management. There are a number of barriers that come along while making the team members of the company perform for the company. Language, cultural beliefs, religion, gender, and behaviour style are the factors that act as a communication barrier for the leader while managing the culturally diverse workforce. It is necessary for the management to effectively communicate the visions they have for the company (Park, 2014). There are ethical issues also that have to be dealt by the management while attaining its objective with the help of their employees. Management has to take effective steps to manage the ethical issues arising due to the culturally diversified workforce without hurting their beliefs. For all this a good leadership style is necessary for the management to follow so they can lead their employees effectively to attain the organisational goal (Sutter Kieser, 2015). 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